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Energy Resources & Governance Issues: Bangladesh Perspective
Energy Resources & Governance Issues: Bangladesh Perspective
Energy Resources & Governance Issues: Bangladesh Perspective
Bangladesh Perspective
Prof. M. Nurul Islam
Institute of Appropriate Technology
Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology
Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
E-mail:nurul@iat.buet.ac.bd
Ph: 9662365
Cell: 01726-444489
Introduction
Status of Laws & Policies for Energy Development
National Energy Policy (NEP) of Bangladesh
Revision of National Energy Policy
Institutional Reforms in Energy Sector
Stakeholders of National Energy Development
Energy Situation & Future Energy Mix of Bangladesh
The Framework of National Energy Policy
Management (Governance) of Energy Sector
Sustainable Human Resources Development
The Way Forward
Characteristic Features of Bad Practices
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Introduction
e)
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f)
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up to 2008.
Many Draft Versions of National Energy Policy are Available:
Draft National Energy Policy-2004 (Modifications of NEP-1996) Marginal
Gas Field Dev. Procedure to Legalize NIKO Deal.
Draft National Energy Policy-2006 (No data on demand supply of
energy).
Renewable Energy Policy has been approved by the Government
(Promoted by Power Division) on 23-12-2008 and Published in Gazette
on 04-01-2009.
Draft Coal Policy (Version 1 to Version 8): Debate on Export & No
Export of Coal, Open cut & Underground Mining (2005-2007).
Cabinet Advised (on 13-08-08) EMRD to Revise 8th Version.
Lack of capability to form an Integrated National Energy Policy
Consisting of All Types of Energy Sources (coal, petroleum, natural
gas, hydro, renewable, nuclear power) to Ensure Energy Security.
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5.0
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12
7.0
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Capita GNI.
Share of Imported Petroleum Fuels will Increase.
Share of Non-renewable (Fossil Fuels) Energy will Increase.
Consumption of NRE (Coal, Oil, Gas) Contribute to Green House
Gas (GHG) Emission.
Share of Traditional Renewable (Biomassfuels) Energy will
Decrease.
Share of Conventional Renewable (Hydropower) Energy will
Decrease.
Share of New-Renewable (Solar PV, Wind power) Energy in Power
Generation will Increase but contribution will be very small.
Renewable Energy Policy indicated that 5% of Renewable Power
by 2015 & 10% by 2020 [seems unrealistic]
Due to Technological, Financial, Geo-political & Environmental
Reasons Limited Prospect for Nuclear Power.
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ENERGY
CONSERVATION
Energy Demand=Energy Supplies(Energy Security)
ENERGY
BALANCE
ENERGY SUPPLIES
INDIGENOUS ENERGY
SOURCES (TRE, Coal, Oil, NG,
IMPORTED ENERGY
SOURCES (Coal, Oil)
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8.1
22
23
8.3
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25
9.1
26
9.1.1
Global Atmospheric Concentration of Carbon Dioxide has increased from 290ppm (in 1870)
to 370 ppm (in 2000). Accumulation of GHG Contributes to Global Warming.
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Ton/Capita
1998
Ton/Capita
2000
Ton/Capita
2002
Ton/Capita
Bangladesh
0.1
0.19
0.2
0.3
China
2.1
2.5
2.2
2.7
India
0.8
1.1
1.1
1.2
0.13
0.1
0.2
Nepal
Pakistan
0.6
0.74
0.8
0.7
Sri Lanka
0.2
0.43
0.6
0.5
USA
19.3
20.2
19.8
20.2
Low Income
Countries
0.7
0.69
0.8
0.8
Middle Income
Countries
2.7
5.9
3.2
3.3
High Income
Countries
11.9
13.1
12.4
12.8
World
3.3
3.87
3.8
3.9
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9.2
Government administered tariff fixation has resulted huge deficit for the
utilities: BPC up to 2007-08: Tk. 182,827 million, BPDB up to 2008-09 :
Tk. 100,780 million. Petrobanglas deficit upto 2008: Tk. 19,050 million.
As per PSC wellhead price of gas produced by IOCs varies between US$
2.75/MCF to US$ 2.91/MCF (Tk. 193/MCF to Tk. 204/MCF). Effective
wellhead price of IOCs gas may be about Tk. 105/mcf.
In September 2008 BERC has approved increase of bulk electricity tariff by 16%
through public hearing (for the first time in Bangladesh).
In recent months Government has increased price of Petroleum fuels & again
decreased due to decrease of price of crude oil in International Market.
Energy (oil, natural gas & electricity) Tariffs should be Fixed by BERC on the
Basis of Economic Rational to ensure sustainable development.
Good potential to improve efficiency in each and every step of energy & power
supply chains starting from production to use. This important management
issue is not easily understood by the policy planners and decision makers.
Possibilities of harnessing efficiency including energy use should be assessed
and implemented with all seriousness.
Use of compact florescent lamp (CFL) & light emitting diode lamp (LEDL) have
been increasing.
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(Cont...)
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(Cont...)
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Phulbari
Barapukuria
Khalaspir
Existing Coal
Zone (12 Basin)
Dighipara
Jamalganj
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(Cont...)
Salient Features of Draft Coal Policy (7th version) submitted on 8 Jan., 2008
Coal Policy is an Integral Part of National Energy Policy.
A Public Sector Organization (Coal-Bangla) will be responsible for overall coal
development. Coal Bangla may establish Joint Venture Agreement (JVA) with
local private sector and foreign Public Sector & Private Sector Organization(s).
In India, all Coal Mines have been Nationalized in 1973. Currently 95% of Total
Coal Production is Managed by Public Sector Organizations.
Joint venture partner must be selected through competitive bidding. No
Unsolicited Proposal can be considered.
Total Coal Requirement only for Power Generation: up to 2025: 450Mt, 2030:
825Mt, 2035: 1200Mt.
Total Extractable Coal from 4 Discovered Coal Fields may vary between 234Mt
(underground mining method) to 660Mt (open cut & underground mining
method) are insufficient to meet requirement up to 2030.
No Export of Thermal/Steam Coal without Ensuring 50 Years Energy Security.
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(Cont...)
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(Cont...)
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Negative
Commercial
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At
Training
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10.0
Considering
Lack
Separate
46
47
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Hydrocarbon Unit
Energy Division
BERC
Petrobangla
BOGMC
(Overall Management)
Exploration &
Production
(BAPEX )
Production
(BGFCL,
SGFL)
Distribution
(RPGCL)
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BGFCL
BAPEX
(E&P)
SGFL
Chevron
Cairn
Niko
Gas
Transmission
Company
Ltd.
JGTDSL
TGTDCL
PGCL
BGSL
Marketing Company
Marketing Company
Marketing Company
Marketing Company
CONSUMERS
CONSUMERS
CONSUMERS
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POWER DIVSION
Ministry of Power Energy & Mineral
Resources
Generation
Transmissio
n
Distribution
Power Cell
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