Shipboard Energy Efficiency:

Regulations, Standards & Opportunities

Thomas Kirk, Director of Environmental Programs

J. C. Ferreira, VP South America
Rio de Janeiro
31 October 2012

INTERTANKO

Outline

IMO regulations on energy efficiency and management

Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI)

Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP)

ISO 50001:2011 Energy Management

Systems (EnMS)

Requirements with guidance for use

Target areas for energy efficiency

CO2 Emissions from International Shipping

Source: Second IMO GHG Study 2009

IMO Strategy for CO2 Emission Mitigation

Potential CO2 Reduction Due to EEDI & SEEMP

By 2020: reduction from BAU ~151mt or 13%

of which 76% is due to SEEMP and 24%
EEDI

Source: MEPC 63/INF.2; ref: MEPC 63/5/13

De Facto Framework for Energy Efficiency

EEDI

Measure energy efficiency in terms of CO2 emissions at full-load draft

and 75% MCR

Benchmark energy efficiency of new ships against that of the world

fleet of 1999-2009
Benchmark to improve in phases

SEEMP

All ships to implement energy

efficiency measures in service

Continuous improvement

IMO Regulations on Energy Efficiency

Enter into force 1 January 2013

New ships: EEDI and SEEMP

Existing ships: SEEMP

Definition of ship Art 2(4)

A vessel of any type whatsoever operating in the
marine environment and includes hydrofoil
boats, air-cushioned vehicles, submersibles,
floating craft and fixed or floating platforms
Regulation 22

SEEMP guidelines Resolution

MEPC 213 (63)
Implementation

Developed SEEMP in accordance

with guidelines
Keep a copy on board
Survey verify a copy is on board

Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan

(SEEMP)
1Each ship shall keep on board a ship specific
Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan
(SEEMP). This may form part of the ship's Safety
Management System (SMS).
2The SEEMP shall be developed taking into
account guidelines adopted by the Organization.
Regulation 5
Surveys
4.1 An initial surveyshall verifythat the
SEEMP required by regulation 22 is on board.
4.4 For existing ships, the verification of the
requirement to have a SEEMP on boardshall
take place at the first intermediate or renewal
survey whichever is the first.

EEDI: The 99% Cases

Main engine
CO2 emission
per unit time

Aux engine
CO2 emission
per unit time
PPTI = 0

fj = 1

except where
PTI is fitted

except for iceclass ships, or

shuttle
tankers

PAEeff = 0
except where fitted with
WHR system that
generates power

fi =1

fc =1

fw = 1

except for correction

for ice-class ships,
CSR ships, voluntary
structural enhancement

except for chemical

and LNG tankers

unless optional
EEDIweather required

DWT;
70% DWT for
containerships; GT
for
passengerships

Peff = 0
except where non-fuel
propulsion assisting
system is
fitted

Speed at
Capacity and
75%MCR

Reference EEDIs to be Reduced in Phases

Attained EEDI should not be more than

referenced EEDI

Applicable only to 7 ship types at first

Not applicable to ships with diesel-electric,
turbine or hybrid propulsion systems

7 Ship Types

Bulk carrier

Tanker

Gas tanker

Containership

General cargo

Refrigerated cargo

Combination carrier

Reference EEDIs to be
reduced in phases

EEDI Impact on Designs

EEDI will drive optimization

in ship design:

Reduce resistance
Improve propulsive
efficiency
Recover waste
heat
Increase cargo carrying
capacity
Reduce speed
Other

Should understand the

physics of energy losses
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Reduce Energy Losses

Typical distribution of energy losses for a tanker in BF6
Heat

52%

Exhaust

Engine
losses

Transmission loss
Frictional loss

16%
Propeller
losses

Rotational
loss
Weather Axial
& waves
loss
Residual

32%
Hull
losses

resistance Hull
resistance
Air resistance
Wave-making

10

15

20

25

30

Loss % (Bunker burnt = 100% available energy)

Source: Second IMO GHG Study, 2009

11

Off-the-Shelf Solutions
Engine losses

Propeller losses

Hull losses

Waste heat recovery systems

Organic Rankin Cycle
Ducts
Energy-saving devices for propeller
Contra-rotating propellers
CLT, Kappel propeller
PBCF
LSE coating
Hull, bow, stern optimization
Air lubrication
Other
12

Energy-saving Devices

How to select energy-saving device?

How effective are the devices (in calm water and seaway
conditions)?

How to tailor the energy-saving device to fit a specific

ship?

For example, how to optimize propeller/hull/rudder/ES device

interaction?

Enough structural strength of the devices, no excessive

vibration

13

Improving Designs

Hull form, bow and stern redesigned and optimized for a range of
operational drafts and sea states

Improved propeller design methodology considering propellerrudder interactions and operating profile

Improved engine technology

Electronic control
Variable-nozzle turbochargers
Longer stroke
Spread fuel efficiency across wider operating load range

Twin-screw? Higher propulsive

efficiency at expense of first
cost

14

IMO Assessment of Energy Efficiency Measures

Reduce air/wind resistance

Reduce wave-making resistance

by shape of stern

Optimize superstructures

12,000teu Containership
1
2
3
x

Optimize stern shape

Reduce friction resistance

Low friction coating

Air lubrication

x
x

Improve propeller efficiency

Pre-swirl fins

Stern duct

Post-swirl systems

Sprit stern

Hybrid pods

Contra-rotating propeller

Waste heat recovery system

x
x
14.5%

x
26.1%

x
x
37.7%

Source: MEPC 60/4/36 16 Jan 2010

x
x
13.4%

x
x
17.1%

x
x

Improvement rate of main engine fuel oil

300,000dwt Tanker
1
2
3

29.2%
15

OCIMF Assessment of
Energy Efficiency Measures for VLCC
Summary CO2 emission
improvement:

Resistance 6%

Propulsion 6.5%

Machinery 7%

Operations 5%

(Not necessarily cumulative)

Use top-range low-friction coating

Optimize main dimensions and lines for life cycle
cost
Improved propeller designs methodology
including use of contracted loaded tip propeller
Propeller pre-swirl device for suboptimal stern
hull form
Improved propulsion through bestpractice duct
or vane wheel
Exhaust heat recovery using PTI
Improved engine control
Wind assistance
Frequency controlled pumps
Voyage optimization, including virtual arrival
Optimize maintenance of hull, propeller and
machinery

Source: MEPC 63/INF.7 25 Nov 2011

16

Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan

Purpose of SEEMP is to provide a mechanism to improve

efficiency in ship and unit operation

SEEMP may form part of a safety management system or

environmental management system or may be certified under
ISO 50001

Each SEEMP to be ship-unit-specific

SEEMP ideally linked to broader

corporate energy management policy

Large number of ship operators operating

more efficiently will make a difference

Limit onboard administrative burdens

17

IMO Guidelines for SEEMP

Four-step continuous improvement process

18

Implementing SEEMP

19

SEEMP Development

SEEMP development

Energy auditing helps (if only just to unearth entrenched habits)

Involve practitioners in development ownership from outset

Ownership facilitates training and implementation

Incentive schemes

The success of the plan depends on willingness

and enthusiasm of staff to implement it and well

Training ship and shore staff

About the plan; and how it is to be managed

On new skills as applicable

On implementations

Expectations and incentives

Implementation

Guidance should be provided by energy

efficiency team

Monitoring and evaluation should be totally

transparent

Auditing should adopt constructive help-to-

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Energy Performance Indicator (EnPI)

For cargo ships, IMO recommends (not mandatory) energy efficiency

operational indicator (EEOI) MEPC.1/Circ.684

Required parameters for EnPI

The base represents useful work done

CO2 emitted based on fuel burnt for useful work done

For PSVs

CO2 emitted per ton-mile

The base is measure of cargo by weight alone appropriate?

For AHTS

The base e.g. for anchor handling is the number and weight of anchor and
water depth; for tow is the deadweight tons and distance, etc.

21

Action Plan

Prepare SEEMP (and CEEMP)

Management policy and task responsibilities

Energy baselines and energy performance indicators; targets (if
any)
The energy-saving measures to be implemented; how and by whom;
implementation period; etc.
Methods of measurements, monitoring and recordkeeping
The improvement plans
Method of self-evaluation and improvement

Staff training and awareness ship and shore

Implementation

Monitoring

Self-evaluation and improvement

22

Sample SEEMP Form

23

Where Should SEEMP Sit?

SEEMP can be a standalone document

It can be a part of the overall ship management system

ABS has incorporated EnMS certification into its existing

HSQE certification

Now called HSQEEn

24

ISO 50001 & SEEMP

For most operators, MARPOL Annex VI in its entirety is a legal

requirement as mentioned in ISO 50001

The Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) is an

ideal vehicle for shipboard energy efficiency under ISO
50001

SEEMP is mandatory
beginning in 2013

SEEMP under ISO 50001

is audited and will have
to meet more stringent
requirements

25

ISO 50001 & SEEMP

Areas where ISO 50001 will force SEEMP to be above minimum

Documentation and documentation retention for audit purpose

Energy Efficiency audits on board
EEOI or equivalent becomes mandatory
Goals, targets becomes requirements
Each consumer and each measure (as identified in the ISO 50001
scopes and boundaries) shall be measured
Records of review and corrective action to
measures to be recorded

These aspects may should be considered

when developing the SEEMP if the company
has its eyes on ISO 50001 in the future

ISO 50001 and SEEMP fit together

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ISO 50001 EnMS

Organizations commitment to:
Continuous improvement in energy
performance
Resources to achieve objectives
and targets
Comply with legal and in-house
requirements
Framework for setting and reviewing energy
objectives and targets
Purchase of energy-efficient products and
services
Documenting and communicating within
organizations
Policy regularly review and update

Source: ISO 50001

27

EnMS Documentation Requirements

Policy

Scope to be covered

Energy objectives, targets and action plans

Documented energy planning process including criteria for the

energy review process

Energy purchasing specifications

Numerous requirements for

records to demonstrate
conformance with a
requirement

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ABS EnMS Model

The ABS Marine HSQE(En) Guide

Upgraded to include new Energy requirements

A model integrated management system for Marine and Offshore
application incorporating Safety, Health, Quality, Environment and
Energy requirements
Single integrated audits
Class notation

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NS5 Energy & Environmental Software

Fleet Mgrs

Corporate
Dashboard

Dashboard

Electronically-generated
Logs and Reports
Oil Record Log
Fuel switching
Ballast Log

Corporate Reports including

Extra-Financial QSE Report
NS5 Energy Module
Office

Bridge
Dashboard

Compliance Reports
ISM
ISPS
ISO 14001

Masters
Dashboard
NS5 Server +
On Board Module
Emissions

Bridge

Existent Shipboard LAN

Tank levels
OWS

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Typical Benefits of EnMS

Decreased energy consumption translates to savings in cost

Reduces exposure to rising energy cost

Aligns comfortably with MARPOL energy efficiency regulations

Helps prepare for carbon accounting

Reduces environmental footprint

Improves corporate image and

public perception

Improves operational
efficiencies

Supports sustainable growth

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