By: Abdulateaf Abdulrazig

Satti

 Abdulateaf

Abdulrazig Satti
Born in 1980 in Dongla, northern
Sudan.
Graduated from As mechanical
engineer from university of
khartoum, 2004.
Working for the ministry petroleum,
Sudan.
Married, have two children.

 Khartoum,

what does it mean?

What is Khartoum.
Khartoum history.

The word
Khartoum
means
elephant trunk
and it is the
shape of the
meeting point
of the White
and the Blue
Nile, that shall
resemble
the
trunk
of
an
elephant

Khartoum is
a city in and
the capital of
the Sudan, at
the junction
of the White
and Blue Nile
rivers.

Defeat of Kingdom of Sennar

Sudanese possessions of Egypt (1821 -1885)
1821 - Settlement established by Ibrahim
Pasha of Egypt. as a military post controlling
Sudan.
1830 - Town becomes capital of the
Sudanese possessions of Egypt.
1838 - Disease outbreak; capital relocated
temporarily to Shendi.
1856 - Disease outbreak; capital relocated
temporarily to Shendi.

1881 Mahdi revolution started in Aba Island.

Nov 1883. The Mahdi's forces captured huge
amounts of equipment, Mahdist rebels at El
Obeid.
1882 Anglo-Egyptian War, Egypt occupied.
Britain government did not wish to become
involved in Sudan, and persuaded the
Egyptian government to evacuate their
garrisons.
General Charles Gordon was appointed to
accomplish this task.
But, he believed that the Mahdi's rebellion
had to be defeated.

Gordon arrived Khartoum on February 18,

1884, but instead of organizing the evacuation,
he
ordered
the
strengthening
of
the
fortifications around Khartoum.
1884 - 13 March: Siege of Khartoum begins.
April 1884, the tribes north of Khartoum rose
in support of the Mahdi, and cut the Egyptian
traffic on the Nile and the telegraph to Cairo.
September 1984, the Mahdi moved the bulk
of his army to Khartoum.

July 1884, Gladstone agreed to send an

expedition to Khartoum, led by Sir. Wolseley,
took several months to organize and only
entered Sudan in January 1885.
January 2526, an estimated 50,000 Mahdists
attacked the city wall just before midnight. The
Mahdists took advantage of the low level of the
Nile, which could be crossed on foot, and
rushed around the wall on the shores of the
river and into the town
Gordon was killed defiance of the orders of the
Mahdi, who had wanted him captured alive.
Capital relocated to Omdurman from Khartoum.

Six months after the capture of

Khartoum, the Mahdi died of typhus, his
successors ruled Sudan
1891, Kalifa, with the help of his tripe
overcame the opposition of the others
and emerged as unchallenged leader of
the Mahdiyah.

In 1895, the British

government
authorized Kitchener
to launch a campaign
to reconquer Sudan.
In March 1896, the
campaign started; in
September, Kitchener
captured Dunqulah.

The British then constructed

a rail line from Wadi Halfa to
Abu Hamad and Atbara.
There was little significant
resistance until Kitchener
reached
Atbarah
and
defeated the Ansar.
After
this
engagement,
Kitchener's
soldiers
marched and sailed toward
Omdurman,
where
the
Khalifa made his last stand.

On 2 September 1898, the Khalifa

committed his 52,000-man army to a
frontal assault against the Anglo-Egyptian
force,
The outcome never was in doubt, largely
because of superior British firepower.
During the five-hour battle, about 11,000
Mahdists died, whereas Anglo-Egyptian
losses amounted to 48 dead and fewer than
400 wounded.
Khartoum
becomes capital of AngloEgyptian Sudan

 On

19th
December 1955 Sudan
parliament voted for independence.
On the 1st January 1956 British
troops evacuated.
Khartoum becomes the capital of
the independent republic of
Sudan,