Global Data on Perpetual

Pavement

United States
Item

Texas

New Mexico

California

Illinois

Design concept:

Mitigate Bottom rutting + bottom Fatigue crack

Rich bottom mix as a base layer

in the HMA portion of the
pavement structure

Design spec.:

Asphalt Institute PP Design philosophy

AMEC 2007

Design software:

FPS 21W

MEPDG Version 1.0

CIRCY, CA-4PRS

ILLIPAVE

Design Traffic:

30 million ESALs

8.8 million ESAL's

10000 AADTT

11760 AADTT

Highway Class:

Heavy trafficked (IH,SH)

Heavy trafficked

IH

IH

Strain criteria:

t 70 (@ Bottom)

Horz. Tens., t
60 (@ Bottom)

Horz. Tens., t 70
(@ Bottom)

Horz. Tens., t 70
(@ Bottom)

Design life:

50 years

30 years

40 years

30 years

Pavement thick :

22 ( alteast 8 Base)

10 "

13 "+ G base(6")

17.5" + G base (8")

# of layer:

6 Layers

3 layers.

3 layers.

2 Layers

Const. Specs :

TxDOT. Standard Specifications for

Construction and Maintenance of Highways,
Streets, and Bridges,

NMDoT Standard Specifications

for Highway and Bridge
Construction (2007).

CADot
Construction Manual ,
Chapter 4

IDoT Standard
Specifications
for Road and Bridge
Construction

HMA mixes :

Top surface- min. of PG 7022 binder

Surface- PG
76-22

PG 64-40

Performance History:

Minor surface renewal after 20 years

v200 (@
top)

Lower Lift- PG
64-22 Binder

IDOT ME Design

Inter. PG 7022

Minor surface renewal after 18

years( For surface)

PG 64-16

Minor surface renewal

after 19 years( For
surface)

PG 76-28

PG70-22

Minor surface renewal

after 19 years( For
surface)

Global Data on Perpetual

Pavement

United States
Item

Texas

Ohio

Wisconsin

Iowa

Design concept:

Mitigate Bottom rutting + bottom Fatigue crack

No Fatigue Cracking or Subgrade

Rutting

Design spec.:

Asphalt Institute PP Design philosophy

Design software:

FPS 21W

Design Traffic:

30 million ESALs

Highway Class:

Heavy trafficked (IH,SH)

Strain criteria:

t 70 (@ Bottom)

Design life:

50 years

50 years

50 years

50 years

Pavement thick :

22 ( alteast 8 Base)

17.5" (Base 6 ")

12 "

18

# of layer:

6 Layers

4 layers

3 layers

Const. Specs :

TxDOT. Standard Specifications for

Construction and Maintenance of Highways,
Streets, and Bridges,

HMA mixes :

Top surface- min. of PG 7022 binder

Performance History:

Minor surface renewal after 20 years

Kenlayer

IH, SH
v200 (@
top)

Lower Lift- PG
64-22 Binder

t 70 (@
Bottom)

Top surfacePG 76-22

AASHTO 1972

AASHTO 1972

WisPave

PerRoad 3.5 ,
PerRoadXpress 1.0

5500 AADTT

5000 AADT

SH

Heavy trafficked (IH,SH)

v200 (@
top)

Lower Lift- PG
58-28

Minor surface renewal after 20

years

t 65
(@ Bottom)

PG 64-22

v200
(@ top)

Global Data on Perpetual

Pavement

United States
Item

Texas

Kansas

Kentucky

Maryland

Design concept:

Mitigate Bottom rutting + bottom Fatigue crack

Design spec.:

Asphalt Institute PP Design philosophy

AASHTO 1993

Design software:

FPS 21W

EVERSTRESS

Design Traffic:

30 million ESALs

5000 AADTT

10000 AADTT

15750 AADTT

Highway Class:

Heavy trafficked (IH,SH)

IH

IH

IH

Strain criteria:

t 70 (@ Bottom)

Horz. Tens., t
70 (@ Bottom)

Horz. Tens., t 70 (@
Bottom)

Horz. Tens., t 65
(@ Bottom)

Design life:

50 years

20 years

40 years

30 years

Pavement thick :

22 ( alteast 8 Base)

16"

11 "+ G base

15.5" + G base (6 ")

# of layer:

6 Layers

3 layers

2 layers

2 layers

Const. Specs :

TxDOT. Standard Specifications for

Construction and Maintenance of Highways,
Streets, and Bridges,

STANDARD
SPECIFICATIONS FOR
STATE ROAD & BRIDGE
CONSTRUCTION - 2007

STANDARD
SPECIFICATIONS FOR
STATE ROAD & BRIDGE
CONSTRUCTION - 2012

HMA mixes :

Top surface- min. of PG 7022 binder

Performance History:

Minor surface renewal after 20 years

v200 (@
top)

Lower Lift- PG
64-22 Binder

ME Design Method

PG 70-28

PG 64-22

PG 76-22

PG 76-22

Minor surface renewal

after 20 years ( For
surface)

PG 70-20

PG 7020

Minor surface renewal

after 12.5 years ( for
surface)

Global Data on Perpetual

Pavement

United States
Item

Texas

Minnesota

New Jersey

Oklahoma

Design concept:

Mitigate Bottom rutting + bottom

Fatigue crack

Design spec.:

Asphalt Institute PP Design philosophy

Von Quintus Catalog 2001

Design software:

FPS 21W

ELSYM 5

Design Traffic:

30 million ESALs

864 AADTT

12000 AADTT

2000 AADTT

Highway Class:

Heavy trafficked (IH,SH)

IH

IH

SH

Strain criteria:

t 70 (@
Bottom)

Design life:

50 years

30 years

20 years

50 years

Pavement thick :

22 ( alteast 8 Base)

16" + G base (3 ")

16" + G base(3 ")

14 "

# of layer:

6 Layers

3 layers

3 layers

4 Layers

Const. Specs :

TxDOT. Standard Specifications for

Construction and Maintenance of
Highways, Streets, and Bridges,

HMA mixes :

Top surface- min. of PG

70-22 binder

Performance History:

Minor surface renewal after 20 years

v200
(@ top)

Lower LiftPG 64-22

Binder

Asphalt Institute
PP Design
philosophy
PerRoad

Horz. Tens.,
t 65 (@
Bottom)

PG 58-28

Horz. Tens., t
60 (@ Bottom)

PG 64-28
PG 76-22

Minor surface renewal

after 16 years (For
Surface)

PG 64-22

Minor surface
renewal after 12
years ( for surface)

PG 7628

PG 6422

Minor surface
renewal after 20
years ( for surface)

Global Data on Perpetual

Pavement

United States
Item

Texas

Oregon

Washington

Design concept:

Mitigate Bottom rutting + bottom

Fatigue crack

Design spec.:

Asphalt Institute PP Design philosophy

AASHTO 1993

AASHTO 1993

Design software:

FPS 21W

WESLEA

EVERSERIES

Design Traffic:

30 million ESALs

12240 AADTT

5400 AADTT

Highway Class:

Heavy trafficked (IH,SH)

IH

IH

Strain criteria:

t 70 (@
Bottom)

Design life:

50 years

30 years

50 years

Pavement thick :

22 ( alteast 8 Base)

12"

16" ( G Base 12")

# of layer:

6 Layers

2 Layers

2 Layers

Const. Specs :

TxDOT. Standard Specifications for

Construction and Maintenance of
Highways, Streets, and Bridges,

HMA mixes :

Top surface- min. of PG

70-22 binder

Performance History:

Minor surface renewal after 20 years

v200 (@
top)

Lower LiftPG 64-22

Binder

Horz. Tens.,
t 70 (@
Bottom)

PG 64-22

PG 64-22
PG 64-22

Minor surface renewal after

15 years ( for surface)

PG 64-22

Minor surface
renewal after 18.5
years ( for surface)

Global Data on Perpetual

Pavement

International (Texas vs North America):

Item

Texas

Canada

Design concept:

Mitigate Bottom rutting + bottom Fatigue crack

Design spec.:

Asphalt Institute PP Design philosophy

AASHTO 93

Design software:

FPS 21W

DARWin/ PerRoad 2.4

Design Traffic:

30 million ESALs

20,400 AADTT

Highway Class:

Heavy trafficked (IH,SH)

Highways

Strain criteria:

t 70 (@ Bottom)

Design life:

50 years

50 years

Pavement thick :

22 ( alteast 8 Base)

13.5" + G base

# of layer:

6 Layers

Const. Specs :

TxDOT. Standard Specifications for

Construction and Maintenance of Highways,
Streets, and Bridges,

HMA mixes :

Top surface- min. of PG 7022 binder

Performance History:

Minor surface renewal after 20 years

v200 (@
top)

Horz. Tens., t
65 (@ Bottom)

Lower Lift- PG
64-22 Binder
Minor surface renewal after 18
years (For Surface)

Global Data on Perpetual

Pavement

International (Texas vs Africa):

Item

Texas

South Africa

Design concept:

Mitigate Bottom rutting + bottom Fatigue crack

Mechanistic Empirical
Design (MED) philosophy

Design spec.:

Asphalt Institute PP Design philosophy

AASHTO 2002 (ME)

Design software:

FPS 21W

ILLI-PAVE

Design Traffic:

30 million ESALs

Highway Class:

Heavy trafficked (IH,SH)

Strain criteria:

t 70 (@ Bottom)

Design life:

50 years

Pavement thick :

22 ( alteast 8 Base)

# of layer:

6 Layers

Const. Specs :

TxDOT. Standard Specifications for

Construction and Maintenance of Highways,
Streets, and Bridges,

HMA mixes :

Top surface- min. of PG 7022 binder

Performance History:

Minor surface renewal after 20 years

Highways
v200 (@
top)
50 years

Lower Lift- PG
64-22 Binder

Global Data on Perpetual

Pavement

International (Texas vs Asia):

Item

Texas

India

China

Distresses are limited to top-down

cracking in the top asphalt lift

Korea

Design concept:

Mitigate Bottom rutting + bottom

Fatigue crack

Design spec.:

Asphalt Institute PP Design

philosophy

Design software:

FPS 21W

MEPDG software,
KENLAYER

ILLIPAVE

Design Traffic:

30 million ESALs

>5000 AADT

15 million ESAL's

Highway Class:

Heavy trafficked (IH,SH)

Rural and Urban

Strain criteria:

t 70 (@
Bottom)

Design life:

50 years

50 years

20 years

40 years

Pavement thick :

22 ( alteast 8 Base)

9 - 15

15"

16

# of layer:

6 Layers

3 layers

3 layers

Const. Specs :

TxDOT. Standard Specifications for

Construction and Maintenance of
Highways, Streets, and Bridges,

HMA mixes :

Top surface- min.

of PG 70-22
binder

Performance History:

Minor surface renewal after 20 years

Asphalt Institute Design , 1982

v200
(@
top)

Lower LiftPG 64-22

Binder

Extended CBR Method

Freeways
Ver. Comp.,
v200
(@ top of
Sub grade)

Horz. Tens.,
t 70 (@
Bottom)

Highways
Ver. Comp.,
v125
(@ top of
Sub grade)

PG 58-22
PEN20/30 binder
Minor surface renewal after 40
years

Minor surface renewal after 12

years ( for surface)

Horz.
Tens., t
70 (@
Bottom)

Ver. Comp.,
v200
(@ top of
Sub grade)

Global Data on Perpetual

Pavement

International ,Texas vs Asia (Middle East):

Item

Texas

Iran

Israel

Design concept:

Mitigate Bottom rutting + bottom

Fatigue crack

Mechanistic Empirical
Design (MED) philosophy

Design spec.:

Asphalt Institute PP Design

philosophy

IRC 37-2012

Design software:

FPS 21W

IITPave, KENPAVE

Design Traffic:

30 million ESALs

>200 MSA

Highway Class:

Heavy trafficked (IH,SH)

Express ways, National Highways

Freeways

Strain criteria:

t 70 (@
Bottom)

Horz. Tens., t 70
(@ Bottom)

Horz.
Tens., t
70 (@
Bottom)

Design life:

50 years

50 years

20 years

Pavement thick :

22 ( alteast 8 Base)

22.5

15"

# of layer:

6 Layers

3 layers

3 layers

Const. Specs :

TxDOT. Standard Specifications for

Construction and Maintenance of
Highways, Streets, and Bridges,

NHAI Quality Assurance Manual

HMA mixes :

Top surface- min.

of PG 70-22 binder

Performance History:

Minor surface renewal after 20 years

v200
(@
top)

PerRoad

Ver. Comp.,
v200 (@
top of Sub
grade)

Lower LiftPG 64-22

Binder

Ver. Comp.,
v125
(@ top of
Sub grade)

PEN20/30 binder
Minor surface renewal after 20 years

Minor surface renewal after

12 years ( for surface)

Global Data on Perpetual

Pavement

International ,Texas vs Australia:

Item

Texas

Australia & New Zealand

Design concept:

Mitigate Bottom rutting + bottom

Fatigue crack

Design spec.:

Asphalt Institute PP Design

philosophy

Design software:

FPS 21W

PermPave, Lockpave

Design Traffic:

30 million ESALs

>200 MSA

Highway Class:

Heavy trafficked (IH,SH)

Express ways, National Highways

Strain criteria:

t 70 (@
Bottom)

Design life:

50 years

40 years

Pavement thick :

22 ( alteast 8 Base)

13

# of layer:

6 Layers

2 layers

Const. Specs :

TxDOT. Standard Specifications for

Construction and Maintenance of
Highways, Streets, and Bridges,

HMA mixes :

Top surface- min.

of PG 70-22 binder

Performance History:

Minor surface renewal after 20 years

v200
(@
top)

Lower LiftPG 64-22

Binder

Horz. Tens., t 50
(@ Bottom)

Ver. Comp.,
v200 (@
top of Sub
grade)

Global Data on Perpetual

Pavement

International ,Texas vs Europe:

Item

Texas

United Kingdom

Design concept:

Mitigate Bottom rutting + bottom

Fatigue crack

Design spec.:

Asphalt Institute PP Design

philosophy

Design software:

FPS 21W

Design Traffic:

30 million ESALs

1-80 million ESAL's

Highway Class:

Heavy trafficked (IH,SH)

Express ways, National Highways

Strain criteria:

t 70 (@
Bottom)

Design life:

50 years

40 years

Pavement thick :

22 ( alteast 8 Base)

8-15

# of layer:

6 Layers

2 -4 layers

Const. Specs :

TxDOT. Standard Specifications for

Construction and Maintenance of
Highways, Streets, and Bridges,

HMA mixes :

Top surface- min.

of PG 70-22 binder

Performance History:

Minor surface renewal after 20 years

v200
(@
top)

Lower LiftPG 64-22

Binder

Horz. Tens., t 50
(@ Bottom)

Ver. Comp.,
v200 (@
top of Sub
grade)

CONSTRUTION COST(Actual +
Projected)

TYPE
Type
C
Type
C
Type
C
Type
C
Type
C
Type
C
Type
C

Type C Mix:
DATE

Unit Price
($/Ton)

Forecast for Type C HMA Mix

Jun-12

$70.00

$140.00

Jun-15

$74.48

$120.00

Jun-15

$73.57

$100.00
$80.00

Jun-20

$80.46

Jun-30

$93.54

$40.00

Jun-40

$106.62

$20.00

Jun-50

$119.70

$60.00

$0.00
41061

42185

42185

43983

47635

51288

54940

CONSTRUTION COST(Actual +
Projected)

TYPE
Type
D
Type
D
Type
D
Type
D
Type
D
Type
D
Type
D
Type
D

Type D Mix:
DATE

Unit Price
($/Ton)

Forecast for Type D HMA Mix

Sep-12

$71.00

$160.00

May-15

$81.00

$140.00

Jun-15

$75.28

$120.00
$100.00

Jun-15

$74.43

Jan-20

$86.18

$60.00

Jan-30

$106.75

$40.00

Jan-40

$127.30

$20.00

Jan-50

$147.87

$80.00

$0.00
41157

42153

42185

42185

43831

47484

51136

54789