Training Center

CDMA Technology Training Program

Telkom Training Center

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CONTENTS

Technical Overview of the cdma2000

Key Design Characteristics
Radio & Network Components
Packet Data Service for cdma2000
CDMA2000 Link Structure
Forward Link
Reverse Link
MAC & LAC

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Technical Overview
of the cdma2000

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Cellular Technology Evolution Path

PDC

57.6 Kbps 115 Kbps 384 Kbps

GSM HSCSD GPRS EDGE

1998 1999 2001
IMT-2000
ITU
UMTS/
WCDMA
64 Kbps DS FDD 2002

cdmaOne cdmaOne Cdma2000

IS-95A IS-95B IS-95C 1X, 3X
2000 MC FDD 2002
Harmonized wideband CDMA standard

2G 2.5G 3G
19.2 kbps 64 - 144 kbps 0.144 - 2 Mbps

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cdmaOneTM Evolution to 3G (cdma2000TM) Cdma2000 1xEV

Phase 2
Voice & Data
Capacity
Cdma2000 1xEV Multi-service
Phase 1
Data Optimized
Dedicated-data carrier
cdma2000-1X Voice (overlay) Advanced MAC
Capacity Higher Voice capacity doubles
Speed Data Introduction of real time applications All
PCN in one-carrier

Up to 2 Mbps data rate non-

IS-95B MAC support Voice real time applications
Voice
Capacity doubles 2x battery 2 (1.25 MHz)
Medium speed data
life Packet Data carriers requirement
IS-95A Voice 144 kbps – 153 kbps
Low
speed data
Performance enhancement &
access robustness Packet
Data with 64 kbps

Circuit & Packet Data

9.6 / 14.4 kbps

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

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Technical Overview of CDMA2000

 Cdma2000 adalah suatu platform teknologi wireless

yang merupakan bagian dari spesifikasi IMT-2000
dan merupakan perluasan dari platform teknologi
cdmaOne yang menggunakan standar IS-95A/B dan
J-STD-008.

 Sistem cdma2000 dapat dioperasikan secara

ekonomis dalam berbagai macam lingkungan,
termasuk :
 Outdoor megacells (cell > 35 km radius)

 Outdoor macrocells (cell 1-35 km radius)

 Indoor/outdoor microcells (up to 1 km radius)

 Indoor/outdoor picocells (< 50 m radius)

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 Sistem cdma2000 mendukung :

Berbagai macam lingkungan operasi
Berbagai macam laju transmisi
Berbagai macam layanan yang lebih “advanced”
Kemampuan mengendalikan QoS Multimedia
Interoperability tanpa batas dan kemampuan handoff
dengan sistem TIA/EIA-95-B eksisting.
Evolusi yang mulus dari sistem berbasis TIA/EIA-95-B
eksisting.
Penggelaran yang sangat optimal dan efisien.

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New Terminology in CDMA2000

Spreading Rate 1 (1X)

Spreading Rate 3 (3X)
Multi-carrier (MC)
Transmit Diversity
Radio Configurations (RC)

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Spectrum Requirements

1.25 MHz 1.25 MHz

IS-95 Forward Channel IS-95 Reverse Channel

1.25 MHz 1.25 MHz

CDMA2000-1X Forward Channel CDMA2000-1X Reverse Channel

Guard Guard Guard Guard

Band Band Band Band

1.25 MHz 1.25 MHz 1.25 MHz

5 MHz
5 MHz
CDMA2000-3X Forward Channel CDMA2000-3X Reverse Channel
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Transmit Diversity

Suatu fitur opsional dari cdma2000 untuk memperbaiki

performansi sistem di dalam lingkungan radio tertentu, dengan
mengirimkan sinyal forward link pada multiple antena.
Dua tipe yang distandarkan
- Orthogonal Transmit Diversity (OTD)
- Space Time Spreading (STS)
Didefinisikan dalam Release A
- Opsional untuk BTS
- Opsional untuk Mobile

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Radio Configuration
Format transmisi F-TCH dan R-TCH, yang dicirikan dengan
karakteristik-karakteristik sbb :
• Rate Set
• Spreading Rate
• Channel Coding (Turbo atau Convolutional)
• Channel Coding rate
• Modulation (QPSK/BPSK)
CDMA2000 Radio Configurations :
• RC1 - RC9 pada Forward Link
• RC1 - RC6 pada Reverse Link
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Karakteristik Disain

 Kapasitas dan performansi yang lebih meningkat

 Coherent pilot based reverse link
 Continuous reverse link waveform
 fast power control pada forward dan reverse links
 Auxiliary Pilots
 Laju data dari 1.2 kbps sampai lebih dari 2 Mbps
 Mendukung berbagai macam bandwidth kanal RF :
 1.25 MHz
 3.75 MHz
 7.5 MHz
 11.25 MHz
 15 MHz
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 Advanced Medium Access Control (MAC)

 Menyediakan layanan data kecepatan tinggi yang sangat
efektif
 Layer fisik yang dioptimalkan untuk operasi MAC
 Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH)
 Variable packet data control channel framing (5 and 20 ms)
 Akses layanan data paket yang cepat melalui kanal paging
dan kanal akses yang lebih maju (Common Control Channel
- CCCH)
 Turbo Code untuk meningkatkan kapasitas pada laju
transmisi yang lebih tinggi
 Alternatif signalling interface radio yang fleksibel
 Backward compatibility to TIA/EIA-95-B
 Native cdma2000 Upper Layer Signalling
 Existing and future Upper Layer Signalling
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 Forward Link transmit diversity

 Mendukung mode Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)
and Time Division Duplex (TDD)
 Mendukung mekanisme handoff antara sistem
cdma2000 dan sistem 2G

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 Advantages of CDMA2000 :
Increased Voice Capacity
Higher Data Throughput
Frequency Band Flexibility
Increased Battery Life
Synchronization
Power Control
Soft Hand-off
Transmission Diversity
Voice and Data Channels
Traffic Channels
Supplemental Channels
Turbo Coding
Connectivity to ANSI-41, GSM-MAP, and IP networks
Full backward compatibility
Improved service multiplexing and QoS management 15
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Radio and Network

Components

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SMS - SC

HLR

Public
Telephone
Network
MSC

BTS BSC
Voice
Network
ME

FIREWALL
IP Network
ROUTER

PDSN

AAA CDMA2000
ROUTER
BSC ARCHITECTURE
BTS
HA
ME
Data
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Network
Switching
Subsystem
WIN HLR
IWF

PSTN

BSC
MSC PLMN
GAN

Fire Wall

Base Internet
Station PDSN
BSM Router
Subsystem

Switch Private/
PDN

Data
Communication
Network
HA AAA NMS DNS

CDMA2000-1X Network Configuration

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(SAMSUNG Specific)
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Functional Description

Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

• Bertanggung jawab mengalokasikan kanal (Walsh code) dan daya (power)
untuk konsumsi pelanggan.
• Mempunyai perangkat radio fisik yang digunakan untuk mengirim dan
menerima sinyal cdma2000.

Base Station Controller (BSC)

• Bertanggung jawab untuk mengontrol semua BTS yang ada di bawah
pengawasannya.
• Merutingkan paket dari BTS ke PDSN atau dari PDSN ke BTS.
• Merutingkan trafik TDM ke circuit-switched platform (MSC).

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GAN (General ATM switch Network)

• Jalur komunikasi dan jalur handoff antar BSC.
• Jalur Operasi & Pemeliharaan sistem.
• R-P Interface.

BSM (Base Station Manager)

• Menyediakan fungsi Operasi & Pemeliharaan untuk GAN, BSC dan BTS.
• Memonitor status GAN, BSC dan BTS serta mengirimkan perintah-perintah
yang diperlukan.

PDSN (Packet Data Serving Node)

• Menyediakan akses ke Internet, Intranet dan WAP Server bagi Mobile
Station yang menggunakan CDMA2000 RAN.
• Bertindak sebagai suatu gerbang akses untuk layanan-layanan data paket
Simple IP dan Mobile IP.
• Bertindak sebagai AAA (Authentication, Authorization, Accounting) Client.
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AAA (Authentication, Authorization, Accounting)

• Berkomunikasi dengan PDSN lewat IP dan melakukan fungsi-fungsi utama :
Authentication, Authorization & Accounting.
• Dapat bertindak sebagai suatu proxy client bagi server-server yang lain.

HA (Home Agent)
• Bertanggung jawab untuk menerima semua pesan registrasi Mobile IP dari
MS melalui PDSN.
• Tracking lokasi pelanggan Mobile IP, ketika bergerak dari zona paket satu ke
zona paket yang lain.

NMS (Network Management System)

• Sistem yang mengelola PDSN dan Home Agent.
• Menggunakan software aplikasi Total Control Manager dan Media Gateway
Manager.
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Packet Data Services

in a cdma2000 Network

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Arsitektur Jaringan Data Paket

Radio
Mobile Data Core
Airlink Access R-P Interface Mobile-IP IP Network
User Network
Network

A8/A9

A L
Rm Um BSC MSC IWF
TE2 MT2 BTS
A8/A9 PDGN
(HA)

PDGN ISP AAA

GAN
(HA) Server
TE2 : Note Book PC
A10/11 PDGN
Rm : RS-232E (HA)
PDSN Internet Home
MT2 : Mobile Phone or PDA Network AAA
(FA)
Um : IS-2000 Server
Abis : E1
AAA PDGN
A : E1 Server NMS VPN (HA)
L : E1 AAA
A10/11 : Fast Ethernet Server
WAP DNS/ WAP
Proxy DHCP Portal
Gateway

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Protocol Reference Model

MIP MIP MIP

UDP UDP UDP

IP IP IP

PPP PPP

G MIP MIP G Link Link

LAC LAC AAL5 AAL5 R R Layer Layer
E MIP MIP E
IP IP
MAC MAC ATM ATM
Link Layer Link Layer

IS-2000 IS-2000 PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY

MS BSC GAN PDSN PDGN

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Interfaces

 R – P Interface
 Physical/Link Layer : 100Mbps fast Ethernet
 Network Layer : Internet Protocol
 MIP : 3G IOS v4.0.0, RFC2002
 GRE : 3G IOS v4.0.0, RFC1701, GAN <-> PDSN in User Data
 ATP – RPP : BSC <-> GAN, 155Mbps ATM Switch
 BSC – MSC
 PI : PDSN <-> External Network

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Packet Data Definitions

 Packet Data Call : Air traffic channel Setup State

Voice / Data Call – Service Option (Origination MSG)

 Packet Data Session : MS <-> PDSN PPP Setup State

Active / Dormant Call – BSC (300sec) or MN (2~255sec)
Types : Simple IP, Mobile IP

 Packet Data Called

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Security

 Security
 Authentication
 Data Encryption
 Authentication
 Mobile Node Authentication
 Simple IP User Authentication
 Mobile IP User Authentication
 Between NE’s Authentication
 Encryption
 Ingress Address Filtering

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Accounting

Radio  Accounting : IS-835, RFC2139 (RADIUS)

Node

R-P Interface

Airlink Records
i.e. Session ID, Sequence
Number, MSID, Serving PCF,
BS/MSC ID

Usage Data Records

PDSN adds more info and
sends complete UDR AAA
PDSN
Server

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Mobility Management

 Packet Handoffs
 Link Layer Mobility : per PDSN
 Network Layer Mobility : per Home Agent
 Mobile Station’s Operation
 Packet Zone : PCF (GAN) Area
 Reactivation / Deactivation
 Handoff : Inter-BTS, Inter-BSC, Inter-PCF, Inter-
PDSN, Inter-PZ

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DCN System Network Diagram

DCN (Data Core Network)

Cisco 7200 VXR Cisco 7200 VXR

PDSN(FA) PDGN(HA)

BSC Switching Hub

(100 Mbps) Cisco 2600 Series

Internet
PCF Catalyst 2950
Fast Ethernet
(BHPA) Gateway
Router

BSC
AAA WAP

NMS

DNS
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PDSN – Fungsi Kunci

RAN End
AAA host

IP
network
Mobile BTS PDSN / FA
BSC/PCF
station HA

R-P interface
A10/A11 –GRE-

Access gateway for CDMA into IP

• Simple IP and Mobile IP access
Client for AAA server
IPCP—IP address assignment
• RAN=Radio Access Network; PCF=Packet
Control Function; IPCP=Internet Protocol • Simple IP—PDSN
Control Protocol
• Mobile IP—HA to PDSN/FA to MS

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Represents non-Cisco equipment
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PDSN - Foreign Agent Functions

Mobility Visitor Table:

MN COA
1.1.1.3 10.31.1.1
1.1.1.7 10.31.1.1

1.1.1.3 10.31.1.1

IP
network
BTS BSC, PDSN / FA
Mobile End host
station PCF

HA

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PDGN (HA) – Function

System Configuration
HA adalah perangkat yang mempunyai fungsi HA dari Mobile IP.
Spesifikasi hardware sama seperti PDSN. Fungsi HA diperoleh dengan
menginstal HA software

Performance & Capability

Throughput : 50 Mbps
Capability : Support maximum 10000 tunnels

Main Function
Mobile IP function (HA function)
Packet Interception & Tunneling function
RADIUS Client function
IP address allocation

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AAA RADIUS Server – Function & Features

RADIUS is a standard for performing AAA services,

referenced in following RFCs:
• RFC 2139: RADIUS Accounting
• RFC 2865: RADIUS protocol (obsoletes RFC 2138)
RADIUS provides the following features:
• A single database to manage users needing dial-in connections
• A client/server platform
• Network security through authentication
• Flexible authentication support

RADIUS=Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service

AAA=Authorization, Authentication, and Accounting

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PDSN AAA Support

Home Local
AAA server AAA server
RADIUS RADIUS

AAA has three key Internet

COA
functions:
Home
• Authentication agent
• Authorization Foreign
agent
• Accounting
Mobile
node

COA=Care-of-Address

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NMS Server – OAM&P View

Network Operations Centre (NOC)

Service Provider’s OSS
DB
APIs Traps

RAN APIs
CW4MW
Vendor CV PDSN
Package DB
OMC Traps
CiscoWorks
MWFM 2000

SNMP/Syslog
Statistics
Cisco PDSN/ Cisco Home
Foreign Agent Agent
MS BSC,
BTS
PCF IP
Network
Radio Access Network
(RAN)

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Packet Data Transport Process Flow

• Layanan data cdma2000 dibagi dalam dua kategori :
- Circuit-Switched
- Packet Switched
• Data circuit-switched ditangani secara efektif seperti halnya voice,
sedangkan untuk data paket menggunakan PDSN sebagai interface antara
air interface data transport dan fixed network transport.
• Interface PDSN ke Base Station dilakukan melalui suatu Packet Control
Function (PCF), yang bisa kolokasi dengan BS.
• CDMA2000 mempunyai tiga kondisi layanan data paket :
- Active/connected
- Dormant
- Null/inactive

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Active/
connected Dormant

Null/
inactive

Active/connected
Dalam kondisi ini ada kanal trafik fisik antara unit pelanggan dan BS, dimana
data paket dikirim dan diterima dengan cara bidirectional.
Dormant
Dalam kondisi ini tidak ada kanal trafik fisik, tetapi link PPP (Point-to-Point
Protocol) antara unit pelanggan dan PDSN dipelihara.
Null/inactive
Dalam kondisi ini tidak ada kanal trafik maupun link PPP.
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Simple IP Function

RAN End
AAA Host

IP
network
Mobile BTS BSC/PCF PDSN
Station

R-P Interface Pi Interface

A10/A11 –GRE-

– Establish PPP session to PDSN

IP IP
IP/IPsec – Obtain dynamic IP address from
PPP PPP PDSN or AAA
Link
LAC LAC Layer
MAC MAC
R-P R-P – Contact all end hosts via PDSN
Airlink Airlink PL PL PL – Keep connection by staying within the
MS RAN PDSN range of the local PDSN
GRE

Represents non-Cisco equipment

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Access VPN Operation Overview

1. VPN identification 2. tunnel to LNS

(home gateway)

Mobile Users POP

and Corporate
Telecommuters LAC
PDSN
Intranet
SP Network/ LNS
Internet
5. end-to-end tunnel
Security
established
Server

4. PPP negotiation 3. user authentication

with user
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Mobile IP – Reference Model

Foreign Agent 1
Foreign Home Agent
Network 1
Laptop/
Home
mobile node
Network

FA1
Moved HA
Foreign Agent 2
Foreign
Network 2
Internet

COA
FA2
Laptop/
mobile node

The Home Agent, Foreign Agent and

COA are analogous to the postal service
forwarding mail to a new address
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CDMA2000 Link Structure

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CDMA2000 PHYSICAL LAYER

New Concepts in the cdma2000 Physical Layer

• Spreading Rate 1 (1X) and Spreading Rate 3 (3X)

• Logical Channels
• Radio Configurations
• Many new Physical Channels
• Transmit Diversity Pilot Channels
• Enhanced Access Channel procedures
• Reverse Link Pilot Channel
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LOGICAL & PHYSICAL CHANNELS

Physical Channel

F-SYNCH

f-csch F-PCH

Logical
Channel
F-BCCH

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SUMMARY OF LOGICAL CHANNELS

 Signalling Channels :
Dedicated Signalling Channel (dsch)
Common Signalling Channel (csch)
 Traffic Channels :
Dedicated Traffic Channel (dtch) - Carries Streaming Data PDUs, e.g.,
:
- Packet Data
- Circuit Data
- Voice Traffic
Common Traffic Channel (ctch) - Carries Short Data Burst (SDB)
PDUs (e.g., Packet Data Dormant Mode SDBs)
 Control Channels - Carry Control Information between Entities (f/r-
dmch_control, r-cmch_control, f-cmch_control)
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The cdma2000 Forward Link

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Backward Compatible Forward Link Channels

Forward CDMA Channel

for Spreading Rate 1 & 3

W3264
Common
Common Common Paging Quick
Power Pilot Sync Traffic Broadcast
Assignment Control Channels Channels Paging
Control Channels Channels Channels
Channels Channels (SR1) Channel
Channels
W1-764 W80/48/112128

Transmit Auxiliary Auxiliary

Forward
Diversity Pilot Transmit
Pilot
Pilot Channels Diversity Pilot
Channel
Channel Channel

W064 W16128
0-1
Dedicated 0-1 Mobile Station 0-7 Supplemental 0-2 Supplemental
Control Fundamental Power Control Code Channels Channels
Channel Channel Sub-channel (RC 1-2) (RC 3-9)

Wn64
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New Forward Link Common Channels

Forward CDMA Channel

for Spreading Rate 1 & 3

W3264
Common Common
Common Paging Quick
Power Pilot Sync Traffic Broadcast
Assignment Control Channels Paging
Control Channels Channels Channels Channels
Channels Channels (SR1) Channel
Channels

W1-764 W80/48/112128

Transmit Auxiliary Auxiliary

Forward
Diversity Pilot Transmit
Pilot
Pilot Channels Diversity Pilot
Channel
Channel Channel

W064 W16128
0-1
0-1 Mobile Station 0-7 Supplemental 0-2 Supplemental
Dedicated
Fundamental Power Control Code Channels Channels
Control
Channel Sub-channel (RC 1-2) (RC 3-9)
Channel

Wn64
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Why New Common Channels ?

Common Channels yang baru dalam cdma2000 mempunyai

beberapa keuntungan. Dalam sistem IS-95, MS tidak
mampu mengakses sistem sampai diterimanya pesan-pesan
overhead. Hal ini memerlukan Paging Channel untuk
mengirimkan pesan-pesan tersebut hampir tanpa henti, yang
akan menguras kapasitas Paging Channel. Dengan
meningkatkan kapasitas kanal-kanal overhead cdma2000,
delay dapat diminimalkan dan sistem mempunyai kapasitas
yang jauh lebih besar untuk paging dan messaging.

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New Forward Link Common Channel

 Pilot Channel
 Suatu sinyal DSSS tak bermodulasi yang dipancarkan secara kontinyu oleh
setiap Base Station.
 broadcast/cell atau sector, digunakan untuk estimasi kanal, akuisisi awal dan
handoff.
F-DAPICH F-CAPICH
 Common Auxiliary Pilot Channel
 aplikasi-aplikasi beam forming
untuk sekelompok mobile

 Dedicated Auxiliary Pilot Channel

F-PICH
 aplikasi-aplikasi beam steering dan beam forming
untuk suatu mobile tunggal
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 Broadcast Control Channel (F-BCCH)

 Hanya memancarkan pesan-pesan Overhead (Extended System parameters
Message, General neighbor List Message, CDMA Channel List Message, etc.).
 Juga memancarkan SMS (Short Message Service).
 Laju data : 4.8 , 9.6 , or 19.2 kbps.

OVER
H EAD

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 Common Control Channel (F-CCCH)

 Pesan-pesan yang ditujukan ke Mobile Station (e.g. Extended Channel
Assignment Message, General Page Message, Order Message)
 Laju data : 9.6 , 19.2 , or 38.4 kbps
 Discontinuous Transmit (DTX) mode

Mobile
-d irected
msgs

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 Quick Paging Channel (F-QPCH)

 Digunakan oleh BS ketika perlu mengontak MS dalam mode slotted.
 Tujuan mengurangi waktu yang dihabiskan oleh MS untuk memonitor Paging
Channel, sehingga waktu standby lebih lama.
 Dapat digunakan bersama dengan F-CCCH atau F-PCH.
 Walsh code W80, W48 dan W112 disediakan untuk F-QPCH.

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 Common Assignment Channel (F-CACH)

 Didisain khusus untuk menyediakan respon penetapan kanal Reverse Link yang
cepat, sehingga mendukung pengiriman paket-paket akses random pada Reverse
Link.

1
2
3

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New Forward Link Dedicated Channels

Forward CDMA Channel

for Spreading Rate 1 & 3

W3264
Common
Common Common Paging Quick
Power Pilot Sync Traffic Broadcast
Assignment Control Channels Paging
Control Channels Channels Channels Channels
Channels Channels (SR1) Channel
Channels

W1-764 W80/48/112128

Transmit Auxiliary Auxiliary

Forward
Diversity Pilot Transmit
Pilot
Pilot Channels Diversity Pilot
Channel
Channel Channel

W064 W16128
0-1
Dedicated 0-1 Mobile Station 0-7 Supplemental 0-2 Supplemental
Control Fundamental Power Control Code Channels Channels
Channel Channel Sub-channel (RC 1-2) (RC 3-9)

Wn64
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 Forward Fundamental channel

Digunakan untuk pengiriman informasi user dan signalling ke MS
tertentu selama panggilan (voice, data, control).
Setiap Forward Traffic Channel dapat memuat satu Forward FCH.
 Forward Supplemental channel
Digunakan untuk pengiriman informasi user dan signalling ke MS
tertentu selama panggilan. Kanal ini umumnya digunakan untuk
aplikasi data kecepatan tinggi.
Setiap Forward Traffic Channel dapat memuat sampai dua SCH.
 Forward Dedicated Control Channel
Digunakan untuk pengiriman informasi user dan signalling ke MS
tertentu selama panggilan. Setiap Forward Traffic Channel dapat
memuat satu F-DCCH.
 Power Control Subchannel
Umumnya diasosiasikan dengan FCH, tetapi jika F-FCH tidak
digunakan untuk suatu panggilan, maka diasosiasikan dengan F-
DCCH.
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Forward Link Physical Layer Key Characteristics

Complex
scrambling

Full rate Add CRC and 1.2288 Mcps

data bits Tail Bits + I
8.6 kbps 9.6 ksps
Power
control
 FIR I
I short code
puncture - 1.2288 Mcps
1/4 Rate conv. PC 1.2288 Mcps
encoder bits
Orthogonal
spreading
38.4 ksps
I

19.2 ksps
Interleaver Gain

38.4 ksps
800 bps 1.2288 Mcps
I

User long Walsh 64

Gain PC S-P
code mask generator

1.2288 Mcps Puncture Q

1.2288 Mcps
38.4 ksps timing 800 bps

Long code Long code PC

generator decimator dec 19.2 ksps Q
Q short code + 1.2288 Mcps
Q
Decimator by
Walsh length/2
Optional
Can be carried by F-DCCH
1.2288 Mcps  FIR Q

1.2288 Mcps +

Note : 1X RC3 F-FCH 9.6K for a 8K voice call

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The cdma2000 Reverse Link

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CDMA2000 Reverse Link Characteristics

New Reverse Link features for cdma2000

• Reverse Link Pilot

• Multi Kanal yang dipancarkan secara simultan dari
setiap mobile station
 Kanalisasi dengan kode Walsh
• Turbo code pada Supplemental Channel
• Power Control Subchannel untuk Forward Power
Control
• Panjang frame yang bervariasi
 5 ms, 10 ms, 20 ms, 40 ms dan 80 ms
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CDMA2000 Reverse Link Channels

R-ACH Reverse Access Channel

R-PICH Reverse Pilot Channel (W032)
R-EACH Reverse Enhanced Access Channel (W28)
R-CCCH Reverse Common Control Channel (W28)
R-DCCH Reverse Dedicated Control Channel (W816)
R-FCH Revesre Fundamental Channel (W416)
R-SCH Reverse Supplemental Channel
R-SCCH Reverse Supplemental Code Ch.

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Backward Compatible Reverse Link Channels

Reverse CDMA Channel

for SR1 and SR3

Reverse Enhanced Reverse Reverse Traffic

Access Traffic Common
Access Channel
Channel Channel Channel Control Ch. Operation
(SR1) (RC 1 or 2) Operation Operation (RC 3 to 6)

Reverse Reverse Pilot Reverse Pilot Reverse Pilot

Fundamental Ch. Channel Channel Channel W032
0 to 7 Reverse Enhanced Access Reverse Common 0 or 1 Reverse
Supplemental Channel Control Channel Dedicated Control
Code Channel Channel
W 28 W28 0 or 1 Reverse
Fundamental
Channel
0 or 1 Reverse
 Masing-masing kanal di-ortogonalisasi dengan fungsi Supplemental
Walsh Channel

 Gain relatif pada setiap kanal dapat diatur untuk Power Control
Sub-channel
mengadaptasi lingkungan radio dan tipe layanan.
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Reverse Common & Dedicated Channels

Reverse CDMA Channel

for SR1 and SR3

Reverse Enhanced Reverse Reverse Traffic

Access Traffic Common
Access Channel
Channel Channel Channel Control Ch. Operation
(SR1) (RC 1 or 2) Operation Operation (RC 3 to 6)

Reverse Reverse Pilot Reverse Pilot Reverse Pilot

Fundamental Ch. Channel Channel Channel W032
0 to 7 Reverse Enhanced Access Reverse Common 0 or 1 Reverse
Supplemental Channel Control Channel Dedicated Control
Code Channel Channel
W 28 W28 0 or 1 Reverse
Fundamental
Channel
0 or 1 Reverse
Supplemental
Channel
Common Channels
Power Control
Sub-channel
Dedicated Channels
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 Reverse Pilot Channel (R-PICH)

 Dipancarkan oleh setiap MS. Setiap kanal pilot diterima di BTS dan digunakan
untuk mendemodulasi secara koheren, kanal-kanal kode lain yang dipancarkan
oleh MS tersebut.
 Kemampuan mendemodulasi reverse link secara koheren, menurunkan Eb/Nt yang
diperlukan sebesar 3 dB, sehingga dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas
reverse link.
 Dipancarkan oleh MS :
- Jika EACH, CCCH atau R-TCH (RC3  RC6) diaktifkan.
- Selama EACH preamble, CCCH preamble atau TCH preamble.

Pilot
(all 0’s)
Pilot Channel
MUX A
& PC Symbols
Symbol
1 PC Bit per Repetition
PCG 384N Copies

Pilot PC
384N Chips

1 Power Control Group Where N equals Spreading Rate

4 Groups of 384N Chips
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Struktur Kanal R-FCH dan R-SCH (RC3)

Modulation
Symbol
Channel Add Frame Add 8 Convolutiona Symbol Symbol Block
Bits Quality Encoder l or Turbo Repetition Puncture Interleaver C
Indicator Tail Bits encoder

Bits/Frame Bits Data Rate (kbps) R Factor Deletion Symbols Rate (ksps)

24 Bits/5 ms 16 9.6 1/4 2x None 384 76.8

16 Bits/20 ms 6 1.5 1/4 16x 1 of 5 1536 76.8
40 Bits/20n ms 6 2.7/n 1/4 8x 1 of 9 1536 76.8/n
80 Bits/20n ms 8 4.8/n 1/4 4x None 1536 76.8/n
172 Bits/20n ms 12 9.6/n 1/4 2x None 1536 76.8/n
360 Bits/20n ms 16 19.2/n 1/4 1x None 1536 76.8/n
744 Bits/20n ms 16 38.4/n 1/4 1x None 3072 153.6/n
1512 Bits/20n ms 16 76.8/n 1/4 1x None 6144 307.2/n
3048 Bits/20n ms 16 153.6/n 1/4 1x None 12288 614.4/n
6120 Bits/20n ms 16 307.2/n 1/2 1x None 12288 614.4/n

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Complex Multiplier
Walsh Cover
W24 or W68

Relative
R-SCH 2 C Gain
+ +
+ BB
R-PICH A S S FIL
+ +
Relative
R-DCCH B Gain cos(2fct)
+
Walsh Cover
I-Channel
Data
s(t)
W816 S Gain
+
Relative
R-FCH C Gain
+ +
BB
Walsh Cover
W416
S S FIL
R-SCH 1, + +
Relative
R-CCCH or C Gain sin(2fct)
EACH
Q-Channel
Walsh Cover Data Walsh Cover
W12 , W24, or W28 W12

Orthogonal Decimator
by factor
Spreading of 2

I-Channel PN Q-Channel
Sequence PN Sequence

Long Code Long Code Gen 1-Chip

Mask 1.2288 Mcps Delay
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Illustration of Reverse Link Operation

Full Rate

Supplemental
Channel
(R-SCH) Full Rate 1/2 Rate
Full Rate
1/2 Rate
Fundamental 1/4 Rate
Channel
(R-FCH) Pilot Channel

Reverse link pilot selalu aktif, dan kanal-kanal kode yang berlainan dapat
ditransmisikan sepanjang MS mempunyai daya yang cukup. Daya kanal
merupakan fungsi dari laju data, FEC dan panjang frame.

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MAC & LAC

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Berkomunikasi dengan user dan memuat aplikasi-aplikasi jaringan seperti : e-

7. Application Layer
mail dan file transfer protocol (ftp).

6. Presentation Layer Merubah format-format data, enkripsi dan dekripsi data.

5. Session Layer Memuat protokol-protokol yang diperlukan untuk membangun hubungan atau
sesi, antara dua end-user, dan error recovery.

Memastikan informasi sampai ke tujuan dan mengirimkan ACK ke pengirim.

4. Transport Layer
Memuat fungsi-fungsi : multiplexing, buffering dan connection management.

3. Network Layer Menentukan best route antara dua node, mengelola informasi billing.

Memastikan operasi yang benar dari layer fisik. Bertanggung jawab untuk
2. Data Link Layer
deteksi/koreksi error.

1. Physical Layer Transmission media dan connection strategy.

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TIA IS-95 and cdma2000 Layered Structure with Protocols

Packet Data Circuit Data

Application Voice Services Application

Upper
Signalling
Layers TCP UDP
Services High-Speed
(OSI 3 - 7)
Circuit Network
IP Layer Services
PPP

LAC LAC Protokol Null LAC

Link
Layer MAC Control
State Best Effort Delivery RLP
(OSI 2)
MAC

Multiplexing QoS Control

Physical
Layer Physical Layer
(OSI 1)

PPP = Point-to-Point Protocol TCP = Transmission Control Protocol

UDP = User Datagram Protocol
= khas cdma2000
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Data Link Sublayer Overview : LAC and MAC

Sublayer LAC menyediakan transport data melalui air interface diantara peer upper
layer entities. Sublayer LAC mendukung kemampuan dan keandalan transmisi untuk
memenuhi berbagai kebutuhan upper layer entities. Untuk menyediakan layanan ini,
LAC menggunakan sejumlah protokol yang berbeda untuk memenuhi kebutuhan QoS
dari setiap upper layer entities terhadap karakteristik sublayer MAC.
Sublayer MAC menyediakan suatu fungsi kendali yang mengelola resource yang
disediakan oleh layer fisik, dan mengkoordinasikan penggunaan resource-resource
tersebut sesuai dengan kebutuhan berbagai LAC service entities. Sublayer MAC
bertanggung jawab untuk memberikan level QoS yang diminta oleh LAC service entity
(misal : dengan mereservasi air interface resources atau dengan menetapkan prioritas-
prioritas diantara LAC service entities yang bersaing).

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CDMA2000 MAC Sublayer

Sublayer MAC CDMA2000 menyediakan dua fungsi penting :

Best Effort Delivery - transmisi handal melalui link radio dengan suatu RLP (Radio Link Protocol) yang
memberikan suatu tingkat keandalan “best effort”.
Multiplexing & QoS Control - pelaksanaan negotiated QoS level melalui mediasi permintaan-
permintaan yang bertentangan (conflicting requests) dari layanan-layanan yang bersaing, serta
menetapkan prioritas yang sesuai dari suatu permintaan akses.
Fungsi-fungsi lain yang terkait dengan sublayer MAC :
MAC Control States - prosedur-prosedur untuk mengontrol akses layanan-layanan data (packet dan
circuit) ke layer fisik, termasuk contention control diantara multi layanan, dari suatu user tunggal
ataupun sekelompok user yang bersaing (competing users).
Resource Configuration Database (RCD) - representasi abstrak dari struktur data yang dipelihara oleh
mobile station dan base station dalam mendukung layer MAC. RCD diatur dalam seperangkat tabel
yang memuat informasi konfigurasi untuk berbagai entities.

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CDMA2000 MAC State Transitions

TIA/EIA-95-B MAC
Big Timeout

Active State Dormant

State
Traffic

Inactivity
CDMA2000 MAC
Inactivity

Inactivity
Control Dormant
Active State Hold Mode State
Traffic

Traffic • No dedicated channels

• No BS, MSC Resources
• Traffic, PC & • PC & Control
Control Channels Channels Assigned • PPP State maintained
Assigned • Short Data Bursts
• Very fast Traffic Ch
Reassignment (CDMA2000 only)
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MAC States

Physical Layer MAC Data Service Instance Signalling

IS-2000 Layer
MAC FCH DCCH Reverse PCH/F- Data State SDBs Call Control Notes
State assigne assigned Pilot is CCCH Traffic Permitted ? Instance
d by BS by BS Gated ? Flowing ? State

Active Mode :
Active Y Y N N Y PILOT_GATING_
USE_RATE is set
to “0”
Connected N Conversation
Substate Control Hold Mode :
Control N Y Y N N PILOT_GATING_
Hold USE_RATE is set
to “1”

Dormant Y N Dormant Y Null SCR Not Saved in the

MS

Tabel diatas memperlihatkan atribut-atribut signifikan dari physical layer, MAC layer dan signalling
selama MAC state.

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State Transitions
Extended Release Message or
Extended Release Mini Message,
Universal Handoff Direction
Message, or
General Handoff
Direction Message

Active Mode Control Hold

Mode

Resource Allocation Message,

Resource Allocation Mini Message,
Extended Supplemental Channel Assignment Message,
or
Universal Handoff Direction Message,
General Handoff Direction Message

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Multiplex (MUX) Sublayer

Signalling Data Service (sr_id=1)

dtch, sr_id=1

dsch dtch, sr_id=1

data block

data block data block data block

Multiplex
Sublayer
Header MUX PDU MUX PDU
(format bits) Header Header
data block data block data block CRC data block CRC

MuxPDU Type 1 or 2 MuxPDU Type 3 or 5 MuxPDU Type 3 or 5

FCH or DCCH SDU LTU LTU

SCH SDU
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MUX PDU (Protocol Data Unit) Types 1-4

Specified by the Multiplex Option for a FCH or

MuxPDU Type 1 and 2 N bits DCCH or SCCH or Rate 1x SCH

MuxPDU header (identical to the TIA/EIA-95-B format bits)

MuxPDU Type 3 6 bits Specified by the Multiplex Option for a Rate 2x or larger SCH

sr_id Reserved
MuxPDU header 3 bits 3 bits
‘000’

sr_id value specified for the service instance

Specified by the Multiplex Option for a 5 ms

MuxPDU Type 4 0 bits MuxPDU for the FCH or DCCH

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MUX PDU Type 5

6, 14 or 22
MuxPDU Type 5 Specified by the Multiplex Option for a SCH
bits

sr_id Reserved 1 length

MuxPDU header 3 bits bit indicator
length

‘0’

’00’ no length field If included,

’01’ 8 bit length field indicates length of
’10’ 16 bit length MuxPDU payload in
field ’11’ octets
reserved

’00’ Reserved
‘001’ – ‘110’ sr_id value specified for the service instance
‘111’ null service (used when including a Fill MuxPDU)

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Reverse LAC Sublayers

Control Data Plane
Plane

Layer 3
SAP
LAC Sublayer
Authentication Sublayer
ARQ Sublayer
Addressing Sublayer
Utility Sublayer
SAR Sublayer

SAP
Lower Layers
Transmission/Receptio
n
r-csch

Authentication Sublayer ARQ Sublayer

Present only on the Access Channel
Access control through ‘global challenge’ Appends ARQ_PARAM (sequence number)
authentication Performs acknowledgement functions
on transmission : appends AUTH_PARAM fields Generates MS and BS ACKs
on reception : removes AUTH_PARAM fields Detecs and handles duplicates 78
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Forward LAC Sublayers

Control Data Plane
Plane

Layer 3
SAP
LAC Sublayer

ARQ Sublayer
Addressing Sublayer
Utility Sublayer
SAR Sublayer

SAP
Lower Layers
Transmission/Receptio
n
f-csch

Addressing Sublayer
Present only on the Common Channel
Appends ADDR_PARAM (address fields) on
transmission Performs address matching on reception
Utility Sublayer
Assembles and disassembles L2 PDUs
Maps SDU_TYPE to/from MSG_TYPE
On Access Ch, appends RRC_PARAM (pilot strength
measurements) on transmission
Segmentation & Reassembly (SAR) Sublayer
On transmission : Adds MSG_LENGTH and
CRC fields and segments L2 PDU into lower
layer data unit.
On reception : Reassembles L2 PDU from
fragments and checks CRC. 79
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Bearer Service Profiles

Signalling,Data,PC,MAC
Voice Packet
Signalling, Voice, PC
Option 1 BS MS Option 1 BS MS
Data Bursts

Voice Voice, PC Packet

Option 2 BS MS Option 2 BS Signalling,Data,PC,MAC MS
Signalling
Data Bursts

Signalling,Data,PC
Packet
Option 3 BS MAC,(PC) MS
Signalling,Voice,Data,PC,MAC Data Bursts
Voice/
Packet BS MS
Option 1 Data Bursts

Signalling,Voice,PC
Voice/ Fundamental Channel
Packet BS MAC,Data,(Signalling),PC MS
Option 1 Dedicated Control Channel
Data Bursts
Supplemental Channel

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THANK YOU
comments please welcome

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Cdma2000 Forward Channel Type

Channel Type (SR1) Maximum Number

Forward Pilot Channel 1

Transmit Diversity Pilot Channel 1
Sync Channel 1
Paging Channel 7
Broadcast Control Channel 8
Quick Paging Channel 3
Common Power Control Channel 4
Common Assignment Channel 7
Forward Common Control Channel 7
Forward Dedicated Control Channel 1 per Fwd Traffic Channel
Forward Fundamental Channel 1 per Fwd Traffic Channel
Forward Supplemental Code Channel 7 per Fwd Traffic Channel
(RC1 and RC2 only)
Forward Supplemental Channel 2 per Fwd Traffic Channel
(RC3, RC4 and RC5 only)
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Cdma2000 Forward Channel Type

Channel Type (SR3) Maximum Number

Forward Pilot Channel 1

Sync Channel 1
Broadcast Control Channel 8
Quick Paging Channel 3
Common Power Control Channel 4
Common Assignment Channel 7
Forward Common Control Channel 7
Forward Dedicated Control Channel 1 per Fwd Traffic Channel
Forward Fundamental Channel 1 per Fwd Traffic Channel
Forward Supplemental Channel 2 per Fwd Traffic Channel
(RC3, RC4 and RC5 only)

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Cdma2000 Forward Link RC & SR

Forward Link
RC SR Data Rates Characteristics

1 1 1K2,2K4,4K8,9K6 R=1/2
2 1 1K8,2K6,7K2,14K4 R=1/2
3 1 1K5,2K7,4K8,9K6,38K4,76K8,153K6 R=1/4
4 1 1K5,2K7,4K8,9K6,38K4,76K8,153K6,307K2 R=1/2
5 1 1K8,3K6,7K2,14K4,28K3,57K6,115K2,230K4 R=1/4
6 3 1K5,2K7,4K8,9K6,38K4,76K8,153K6,307K2 R=1/6
7 3 1K5,2K7,4K8,9K6,38K4,76K8,153K6,307K2,614K4 R=1/3
8 3 1K8,3K6,7K2,14K4,28K8,57K6,115K2,230K4, R=1/4(20ms)
460K8 R=1/3(5ms)
9 3 1K8,3K6,7K2,14K4,23K8,57K6,115K2,230K4, R=1/2(20ms)
460K8,1036K8 R=1/3(5ms)

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Forward Link Radio Configurations

Max Data Rate Effective FEC OTD FEC Mod

RC SR (Kbps) * Code Rate Allowed Encoding

1 1 9.6 1/2 No Conv BPSK

2 1 14.4 3/2 No Conv BPSK

3 1 153.6 1/4 Yes Conv & Turbo QPSK

4 1 307.2 1/2 Yes Conv & Turbo QPSK
5 1 230.4 3/8 Yes Conv & Turbo QPSK

6 3 307.2 1/6 Yes Conv & Turbo QPSK

7 3 614.4 1/3 Yes Conv & Turbo QPSK
8 3 460.8 1/4 or 1/3 Yes Conv & Turbo QPSK
9 3 1036.8 1/2 or 1/3 Yes Conv & Turbo QPSK

* Maximum data rate for a single Supplemental Channel

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Reverse Link Radio Configurations

Max Data Effective FEC FEC Modulation

RC SR Rate (Kbps) * Code Rate Encoding

1 1 9.6 1/3 Conv 64-ary ortho

2 1 14.4 1/2 Conv 64-ary ortho

3 1 153.6 1/4 Conv or Turbo QPSK

(307.2) (1/2)

4 1 230.4 3/8 Conv or Turbo QPSK

5 3 153.6 1/4 Conv or Turbo QPSK

(614.4) (1/3)
6 3 460.8 1/4 Conv or Turbo QPSK
(1036.8) (1/2)

* Maximum data rate for a single Supplemental Channel

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