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Evaluacion Internacional
Evaluacion Internacional
rates
in mining: A comparison of risk
and compliance-based
approaches
University of Arizona
Mining Safety and Health Program
Lowell Institute for Mineral Resources
(IMR):
Public Health
Mining & Geological Engineering
Geosciences
Atmospheric Sciences
Anthropology/Social sciences
Business/Economics
Law
Mining Fatalities
Countr
y
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
U.S.
MNM
33
23
17
23
16
16
U.S.
Coal
34
30
18
48
21
19
Peru
62
52 basis so
54each
*Australia
reports on64
a financial56
year (e.g.64
2007-2008)
column
from
July of9the previous
Australi represents the
4 deaths occurring
16
6
5 year
to
a* June of the current year.
http://www.rminc.com/html_email/client_newsletter_january_20
10.html
Outline
Regulations and legislation
International comparison
of injuries in Australian
and U.S. coal mines
A case study of risk
management in the U.S.
metal mining industry
Risk management process
and examples from the
fire service
Compliance-based
Regulations
Government-based
Risk-based Regulations
Industry implements safety
and health improvements
Form team(s) including all
levels of the workforce
Determine likelihood and
magnitude of potential
consequences for each risk
Implement methods to
control, mitigate or eliminate
risks
Risk Management
Legislation
Risk-based regulation has its roots in the U.S.
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Established in the United Kingdom in the 1970s
Introduced to the Australian mining industry in
the 1980s and revised following two disasters
1994 Moura explosion, killing 11
1996 Gretley flooding, drowning 4
International Comparison
of Lost-time Injuries Study
Study Methods
Australian and U.S coal
mines
Only mines with 10
employees
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
1996
1997
1998
1999
U.S.
New South Wales
2000
2001
2002
Queensland
2003
5000
10000
15000
1996
1997
1998
1999
U.S.
New South Wales
2000
2001
2002
Queensland
2003
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000 12000
1996
1997
1998
1999
U.S.
New South Wales
2000
2001
2002
Queensland
2003
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
1996
1997
1998
1999
U.S.
New South Wales
2000
2001
2002
Queensland
2003
.2
1.2
1996
1997
1998
1999
Year
U.S.
2000
2001
2002
2003
Queensland
Study Discussion
Marked reduction in lost-time injury
rates following introduction of risk
management in Australian coal
mines
Temporal association does not prove
causality
Discussion with mine managers
suggested:
Risk management led to safer operating
processes
12
1998
2000
2002
Company A
2004
Year
2006
2008
2010
1998
2000
2002
Company A
2004
Year
2006
2008
2010
5
3
1
Predicted Injuries
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Calendar Year
Company A Injury Pre-2004
2
1
Predicted Injuries
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Calendar Year
Company A Injury Pre-2004
Company A 95% CI
Risk
Assessme
nt
www.firefighterclosecalls.c
om
Control
Implementati
on
Risk Management
Energie
s
Hazard ID
Risk Analysis
Risk
Characterization
Avoidanc
e
Reductio
n
Retentio
Modified from MISHC: Univ. of Queensland
n
Phase 1: Scoping
Review available data
on outcome of interest
(injury/event)
Identify and prioritize
tasks, events and
systems
Task analysis (e.g., roof
bolting) or unwanted
event (e.g., roof collapse)
I. Hazard Identification
II. Risk Analysis
III. Risk Characterization
Hazard Identification
Obtain detailed information on
hazards causing injuries and other
potential adverse events
Determine the extent of the problem
Low frequency, high impact event
High frequency, low impact event
Risk Analysis
Purpose is to
Increase awareness
Set priorities
Methods of Analysis:
Qualitative
Semi-Quantitative
Quantitative
Consequences
Likelihood
High
High
Medium
Low
Medium
Low
Semi-Quantitative Risk
Analysis
Retains some aspects of quantification
Number values
Categorization approach
Risk Matrix
Quantitative Examples
Increasing complexity
Risk Characterization
Presents an integrated discussion of
Hazard identification
Risk analysis
Phase 3: Implementation
Scope & Deliverables
Implementation Timeline/Schedule
Work Breakdown
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Process Evaluation
Did those involved in the process learn anything,
change behavior, appreciate the process, etc.?
Successful Implementation
Successful implementation includes:
A strong, positive climate for implementation
Management support
Financial resources
Good communications
Event reporting system including near misses
Added benefits:
Improves the understanding as to why things are
done, at all levels of the workforce
Making the right decision because they understand why
Standard Operating
Procedures
Future Studies
Economic and injury analyses of
specific risk management
interventions
Critical risks and controls
Conclusions
Introduction of risk management has been
associated with a decline in injury rates
In Australia and the European Union risk
management is required for all industry
Requires a consistent systematic approach
Risk management techniques are scalable
for any operation regardless of size or
income
Studies of the cost-effectiveness of individual
risk management interventions are needed
Acknowledgments
Gerald S. Poplin, MS, PhD
Vivien S. Lee, MS
Carmel Bofinger and Jim
Joy, University of
Queensland Minerals
Industry Safety and
Health Centre (MISHC)
National Institute for
Occupational Safety and
Health (NIOSH)