PENGARUH PENAHAN LATERAL

ELASTOMERIC RUBBER
TERHADAP RESPONS SEISMIK
MENARA MASJID DENGAN PENAMBAHAN
BASEMEN

Penny Dwiadhiputri 1206218064

DISCRETE SHEAR TRIANGULAR BATOZ KATILI

A new triangular element with 3 nodes and 3 DOF per node based on the
Reissner/Mindlin plate theory. The transverse shear effect are represented using
moment equilibrium and constitutive equations.
The formulation based on DKMT element and specially developed to solve
problem in DST-BL element which not passed the patch test for thick plate.
Thats why Batoz and Katili represent Bergans free formulation of constant
bending moment plus incompatible energy orthogonal higher order bending
modes.

FORMULATION OF DST-BK ELEMENT

Geometry of the Triangular Element

Vertical displacement using linear

approximation

Rotation displacement using quadratic incompatible

approximation

The incompatible shape function for rotation

The bending stiffness matrix

The bending stiffness matrix

The transverse stiffness matrix

To express shear energy,
Moment Equilibrium
Kinematical Eq. of Curvature
Linear Constitutive
Eq.
Shear Strain
Eq.

Discrete constraints

Assuming
a linear variation of

Discrete constraints

DSTBK Stiffness Matrix

Bending stiffness matrix

Shear stiffness matrix

NUMERICAL RESULT

Squared Plate

Circular Plate

Boundary Conditions
Simple supported (w = s = 0)
Clamped (w = s = n = 0)

Symmetric Conditions
x = 0 at BC & y = 0 at CD

E
fz
L/h
L
h
v
Df

Data
10.92
1
1000
1000
1
0.3
1

Razzaque
Skew Plate

Morley
Acute Plate

Twisted Plate

Squared Plate

Circular Plate

Razzaque
Skew Plate

Distributed Load - Clamped

Maillage A

Maillage B
DST
N x N DST BK IDKT DKT
BK
IDKT DKT
2 x 2 1.452 1.464 1.547 1.133 1.109 1.214
4 x 4 1.309 1.321 1.347 1.229 1.23 1.258
6 x 6 1.282 1.291 1.303 1.249 1.249 1.262
8 x 8 1.276
--1.286 1.256 --- 1.264
Ref.
1.265

Morley
Acute Plate

Twisted Plate

Wc Distributed Load - Clamped

1.300
1.200

DST BK
(A)

1.100
Wc/Wc ref
1.000

IDKT (A)
DKT (A)

0.900
0.800
0

Wc Concentrated Load - Clamped

Concentrated Load - Clamped

1.150

Maillage A

NxN
2x2
4x4
6x6
8x8
Ref.

Maillage B
DST
DST BK IDKT
DKT
BK
IDKT DKT
5.806 5.549 5.856 5.449 5.559 6.36
5.685 5.605 5.708 5.555 5.649 5.911
5.652 5.609 5.66 5.581 5.636 5.767
--5.638
5.64 5.593 --- 5.708
5.612

1.100

DST BK (A)
IDKT (A)
DKT (A)
DST BK (B)
IDKT (B)
DKT (B)

1.050

Wc/Wc ref
1.000
0.950
0.900
0.850

4
N

Squared Plate

Circular Plate

Razzaque
Skew Plate

Maillage A

Maillage B
DST
DST BK IDKT DKT
BK
IDKT DKT
3.906 3.992 4.056 3.523 3.562 3.676
4.017 4.047 4.065 3.918 3.942 3.972
4.042 4.056 4.064 3.997 4.009 4.023
4.051
--4.063 4.025 --- 4.041
4.062
Distributed Load - Simple Supported

1.050
1.000

DST BK (A)
IDKT (A)
DKT (A)
DST BK (B)
IDKT (B)
DKT (B)

0.950

Wc/Wc ref
0.900
0.850
0.800

4
N

Twisted Plate

Concentrated Load Simple Supported

Distributed Load Simple Supported

NxN
2x2
4x4
6x6
8x8
Ref.
Wc

Morley
Acute Plate

Maillage A

Maillage B
DST
N x N DST BK IDKT
DKT
BK
IDKT DKT
11.68 11.66
12.83
2 x 2 11.582 11.405
8
4
12.01 8
11.63 11.57 11.73
4 x 4 11.631 11.549
5
6
3
12
11.62 11.58 11.66
Wc
Concentrated
Supported
6 x 6 11.623 11.578 Load
1 - Simple
2
6
11.8
1.120
11.61 11.58
11.72
1.100
----8 x 1.080
8 11.617
3
8
1
DST BK (A)
Ref.1.060
11.601
1.040
1.020
Wc/Wc
ref
1.000
0.980
0.960
0.940
0.920
1

IDKT (A)
DKT (A)
DST BK (B)
IDKT (B)
DKT (B)

4
N

Squared Plate

Circular Plate

Razzaque
Skew Plate

Distributed Load Clamped

L/h =
20
DST BK
1.334
DST BL
1.352
DKT
1.286
Yuan & Miller 1.329

L/h =
10 L/h = 5 L/h = 4
1.505 2.158 2.639
1.548 2.252 2.751
1.286 1.286 1.286
1.513 2.203 2.700

4.242

4.908

L/h =
20

L/h =
10

6.073
6.105
5.64

7.391
7.502
5.64

Yuan & Miller 6.257

8.222

DST BK
DST BL
DKT

L/h =
5
12.57
9
12.85
5.64
15.95
2

L/h = 4
16.448
16.776
5.64
21.694

Concentrated Load Simple Supported

L/h = 20 L/h = 10 L/h = 5 L/h = 4

4.102
4.261
4.897
5.374
4.113
4.271
4.905
5.382
4.063
4.063
4.063
4.063
4.108

Twisted Plate

Concentrated Load Clamped

Distributed Load Simple Supported

DST BK
DST BL
DKT
Salermo &
Goldberg

Morley
Acute Plate

5.179

L/h =
20

L/h =
10

DST BK

12.035 13.319

DST BL

12.036 13.329

DKT

11.613 11.613

Yuan & Miller 12.026 13.305

L/h =
5
18.46
2
18.48
4
11.61
3
18.44
6

L/h = 4
22.320
22.346
11.613
22.305

Square Plate Concentrated Load (thickness=1)

Thickness
Number of Element
If
If
If
If

NxN=2x2
NxN=4x4
NxN=6x6
NxN=8x8

,
,
,
,

so
so
so
so

m=2
m=4
m=6
m=8

Maillage A
If maillage B, so

Clamped
If simply supported, so

Concentrated load

Square Plate Distributed Load (thickness=1)

Thickness
Distributed Load
Number of Element
If
If
If
If

NxN=2x2
NxN=4x4
NxN=6x6
NxN=8x8

,
,
,
,

so
so
so
so

m=2
m=4
m=6
m=8

Maillage A
If maillage B, so

Clamped
If simply supported, so

Square Plate with thickness variation

Thickness
If L/h=20, so thickness
data = 50
If L/h=10, so thickness
data = 100
If L/h=5, so thickness data
= 200
If L/h=4, so thickness data
= 250

Square Plate
Maillage A
Element 2x2

Element 6x6

Element 4x4

Element 8x8

Square Plate
Maillage B
Element 2x2

Element 6x6

Element 4x4

Element 8x8

Circular
Plates
Squared Plate
Circular Plate

Razzaque
Skew Plate

Morley
Acute Plate

Twisted Plate

Squared Plate

Razzaque
Skew Plate

Circular Plate

Morley
Acute Plate

Twisted Plate

Circular Plates under Uniform Loading

Clamped Clamped R/h 50
NELT
6
24
96
240
exact

Wc
9843.3
9854.2
9791.6
9777.6
9783.5

Hasil dari JurnalClamped

Mcr
2.57
2.23
2.09
2.06
2.03

Wc/WcExact Clamped R/h=50

1.0080
1.0060
1.0040
1.0020
Wc/WcExact 1.0000
0.9980
0.9960
0.9940
0

Mc/McExact Clamped R/h=50

Mc/McExact

50 100 150 200 250 300

NELT

NELT
6
24
96
240
Exact

E
64548.0
65322.8
64350.3
64115.2
64091

1.4000
1.2000
1.0000
0.8000
0.6000
0.4000
0.2000
0.0000
0

50 100 150 200 250 300

NELT

R/h
Wc
9843
9855.1
9802.5
9789.5
9783.5

50
Mcr
2.56
2.25
2.09
2.05
2.03

E
64546
65329
64456
64204
64091

E/Eexact Clamped R/h=50

1.0250
1.0200
1.0150
1.0100
E/Eexact 1.0050
1.0000
0.9950
0.9900
0

50

100 150 200 250 300

NELT

Squared Plate

Razzaque
Skew Plate

Circular Plate

Morley
Acute Plate

Twisted Plate

Circular Plates under Uniform Loading

Clamped Clamped R/h 5
NELT

Wc

Hasil dari Jurnal Clamped

Mcr

11.343 2.41

24

11.547 2.16

96

11.542 2.07

240

11.539 2.05

Wc/WcExact Clamped R/h=5

1.0050
1.0000
0.9950
0.9900

exact

11.551 2.03

Wc/WcExact 0.9850

E
76.03
2
80.77
6
81.17
8
81.23
0
81.02
5

NELT
6
24
96
240
Exact
Mc/McExact Clamped R/h=5

Mc/McExact

1.0200

1.2000

1.0000

1.1500

0.9800

1.1000

0.9750

0.9500
50 100 150 200 250 300
NELT

0.9000
0

E
76.03
80.782
81.302
81.371
81.025

E/Eexact 0.9600
0.9400

1.0500
1.0000

5
Mcr
2.31
2.16
2.07
2.04
2.03

E/Eexact Clamped R/h=5

1.2500

0.9800
0.9700
0

R/h
Wc
11.342
11.548
11.554
11.551
11.551

0.9200
50 100 150 200 250 300
NELT

0.9000
0

50 100 150 200 250 300

NELT

Squared Plate

Razzaque
Skew Plate

Circular Plate

Morley
Acute Plate

Twisted Plate

Circular Plates under Uniform Loading

Clamped

Clamp
ed
NELT
6
24
96
240
exact

R/h 2
Wc
1.289
1.335
1.339
1.339
1.339

Hasil dari Jurnal Clamped

Mcr
2.30
2.15
2.07
2.05
2.03

Wc/WcExact Clamped R/h=2

NELT
6
24
96
240
Exact

E
9.233
10.638
10.970
11.032
11.103

Mc/McExact Clamped R/h=2

E
9.233
10.638
10.985
11.056
11.103

E/Eexact Clamped R/h=2

1.0000

1.0000
1.1000

0.9900
0.9800
Wc/WcExact 0.9700

Mc/McExact

0.9500
E/Eexact 0.9000

1.0500

0.8500

0.9600

1.0000

0.8000

0.9500
0.9400
0

2
Mcr
2.3
2.14
2.07
2.04
2.03

1.0500

1.1500

1.0100

R/h
Wc
1.289
1.335
1.339
1.339
1.339

50

100 150 200 250 300

NELT

0.9500
0

50

100 150 200 250 300

NELT

0.7500
0

50

100

150

NELT

200

250

300

Squared Plate

Razzaque
Skew Plate

Circular Plate

Morley
Acute Plate

Twisted Plate

Circular Plates under Uniform Loading

Simply
Supporte
d

SS
NELT
6
24
96
240
exact

R/h 50
Wc
37392
39233
39633
39700
39831

Wc/WcExact Simply Supported R/h=50

Hasil dari Jurnal SS

Mcr
5.43
5.29
5.20
5.18
5.16

R/h
NELT Wc
6 37391
24 39234
96 39680
240 39795
Exact 39831

E
287722
340083
353622
356102
359088

Mc/McExact Simply Supported R/h=50

1.0600

1.2000

1.0000

1.0400

1.0000

Mc/McExact

0.9200
0.9000
0

0.8000

1.0200

Wc/WcExact 0.9600
0.9400

50 100 150 200 250 300

NELT

E
287710
340090
354240
357530
359088

E/Eexact Simply Supported R/h=50

1.0200
0.9800

50
Mcr
5.43
5.28
5.2
5.17
5.16

1.0000

E/Eexact 0.6000
0.4000

0.9800

0.2000

0.9600
0

0.0000
0

50 100 150 200 250 300

NELT

50

100 150 200 250 300

NELT

Squared Plate

Razzaque
Skew Plate

Circular Plate

Morley
Acute Plate

Twisted Plate

Circular Plates under Uniform Loading

Simply
Supporte
d

SS
NELT
6
24
96
240
exact

R/h 5
Wc
38.889
40.926
41.386
41.469
41.599

Wc/WcExact Simply Supported R/h=5

Hasil dari Jurnal SS

Mcr
5.28
5.22
5.18
5.17
5.16

E
299.20
355.53
370.48
373.29
374.49

Mc/McExact Simply Supported R/h=5

1.03

1.02

Mc/McExact

0.92
50

100 150 200 250 300

NELT

E/Eexact Simply Supported R/h=5

0.8

1.01

Wc/WcExact 0.96
0.94

E/Eexact 0.6
0.4

0.2

1.01

0.99
0

E
299.19
355.54
371.09
374.7
374.49

1.02

0.98

5
Mcr
5.27
5.22
5.18
5.16
5.16

1.2

1.02

0.9
0

R/h
NELT Wc
6 38.888
24 40.926
96 41.432
240 41.557
Exact 41.599

50

100 150 200 250 300

NELT

0
0

50

100

150
NELT

200

250

300

Squared Plate

Razzaque
Skew Plate

Circular Plate

Morley
Acute Plate

Twisted Plate

Circular Plates under Uniform Loading

Simply
Supporte
d

SS
NELT
6
24
96
240
exact

Mcr=(Mx1+Mx2)/2

R/h 2
Wc
3.052
3.215
3.249
3.254
3.262

Wc/WcExact Simply Supported R/h=2

Hasil dari Jurnal SS

Mcr
5.16
5.20
5.18
5.17
5.16

R/h
NELT Wc
6
3.052
24 3.215
96 3.252
240 3.259
Exact 3.262

E
23.516
28.223
29.486
29.725
29.983
Mc/McExact Simply Supported R/h=2
1.0100

1.2

1.0000

1.0080

1.0060
Mc/McExact

0.9200
0.9000
0

0.8

1.0040

Wc/WcExact 0.9600
0.9400

50 100 150 200 250 300

NELT

1.0000

E/Eexact 0.6
0.4

0.9980

0.2

1.0020

0.9960
0

E
23.515
28.223
29.531
29.847
29.983

E/Eexact Simply Supported R/h=2

1.0200
0.9800

2
Mcr
5.16
5.2
5.18
5.16
5.16

50

100 150 200 250 300

NELT

0
0

50

100

150
NELT

200

250

300

Circular Clamped R/h = 50

Thickness
NELT = 6, so n = 1
If NELT = 24, so ubah n = 2 dan boundary
If NELT = 96, so ubah n = 4
If NELT = 216, so ubah n = 6

Boundary untuk NELT = 24

Boundary untuk NELT = 96

Boundary untuk NELT = 216

Circular Clamped R/h = 5

Thickness
NELT = 6, so n = 1
If NELT = 24, so ubah n = 2 dan boundary
If NELT = 96, so ubah n = 4
If NELT = 216, so ubah n = 6
Boundary untuk NELT = 24

Boundary untuk NELT = 96

Boundary untuk NELT = 216

Circular Clamped R/h = 2

Thickness
NELT = 6, so n = 1
If NELT = 24, so ubah n = 2 dan boundary
If NELT = 96, so ubah n = 4
If NELT = 216, so ubah n = 6
Boundary untuk NELT = 24

Boundary untuk NELT = 96

Boundary untuk NELT = 216

Circular Simply supported

Boundary untuk NELT = 6

If NELT = 24, boundary :

If NELT = 96, boundary :

If NELT = 216, boundary :

Circular
NELT=6

NELT=96

NELT=24

NELT=216

Squared Plate

Circular Plate

Razzaque
Skew Plate

Boundary Conditions
AB & CD: w = x = 0
Data
E
1085
v
0.31
h
0.1
L
100
Df
0.10
fz
1

Morley
Acute Plate

Twisted Plate

Squared Plate

Razzaque
Skew Plate

Circular Plate

Morley
Acute Plate

Twisted Plate

Displacement and Moment at Center

Wc

1.100

DST
NxN
BK
2x2
6.620
4x4
7.556
6x6
7.760
8x8
7.838
12 x 12 7.896
Ref.
Dispacement at Center, Wc

DKT
6.389
7.524
7.739
7.819
7.896
7.945

Q4
3.976
6.737
7.371
7.61
7.785

DST BK
94.07
94.47
95.20
95.57
95.87

DKT
89.53
95.9
95.86
95.93
95.98
95.89

Q4
37.9
77.6
87.1
90.9
93.7
Moment at Center, My

1.200

1.000

1.000

0.900
DST BK
DKT
Q4y

0.800
Wc/Wc
ref
0.700
0.600

DST BK
DKT
Q4y

0.800
My/My ref
0.600
0.400

0.500
0.400
0

My

10

12

0.200
0

6
N

10

12

Razzaque

NxN = 2x2, so n = 2
If
If
If
If

NxN
NxN
NxN
NxN

=
=
=
=

4x4, so n = 4
6x6, so n = 6
8x8, so n = 8
12x12, so n = 12

Razzaque
Element 2x2

Element 4x4

Element 6x6

Element 8x8

Element 12x12

Squared Plate

Boundary Conditions
ABCD: w = 0

Razzaque
Skew Plate

Circular Plate

Data
E
v
h
L
fz
Df

10.92
0.3
0.1
100
1
0.001

Morley
Acute Plate

Twisted Plate

Squared Plate

Razzaque
Skew Plate

Circular Plate

Displacement at Center, L/h = 1000

Morley
Acute Plate

Twisted Plate

Displacement at Center, L/h = 100

Wc
N
Maillage A Maillage B
4
39896000 46083000
8
37827000 43223000
16 38499000 42466000
32 39113000 42031000
64 39518000 41729000
exact
40800000

Wc
N
Maillage A Maillage B
4
39709
46145
8
37561
43294
16
38190
42576
32
39107
42251
64
40282
42169
exact
40800
Wc - L/h = 100

Wc - L/h = 1000

1.1500

1.1500

1.1000

1.1000

1.0500

1.0500
1.0000
Wc/Wc
exact
0.9500

Maillage
A

0.9000

1.0000
Wc /Wc
exact
0.9500
0.9000

0.8500

0.8500

0.8000
0

0.8000
0

16 24 32 40 48 56 64
N

Maillage A
Maillage B

16 24 32 40 48 56 64
N

Morley 4x4

NxN = 4x4, so n = 4

Boundary element 4x4

Morley 8x8

NxN = 8x8, so n = 8

Boundary element
8x8

Morley 16x16

NxN =16x16, so n = 16

Boundary element 16x16

Morley 32x32

NxN =32x32, so n = 32

Boundary element 32x3

Morley

Element 4x4

Element 8x8

Element 16x16

Element 32x32

Element 64x64

Squared Plate

Circular Plate

Data
E
L
v
h

15.6
10
0.3
2.5

Razzaque
Skew Plate

Morley
Acute Plate

Twisted Plate

Squared Plate

Razzaque
Skew Plate

Circular Plate

Morley
Acute Plate

Twisted Plate

Displacement at Center and Nodal 3

N x N DST BK
2x2
1.894
4x4
1.927
6x6
1.967
8x8
2.073
12 x 12 2.145
Ref.
Displacement at the Center, Wc

Wc
DST
BL
1.71
1.826
1.955
2.236
2.331
1.6

W3
DKT
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6

DST
BK
7.740
7.773
7.902
8.297
8.583

DST BL DKT
6.84
6.4
7.46
6.4
8.108 6.4
8.583 6.4
8.935 6.4
6.4
Displacement at nodal 3, W3

1.500

1.500

1.400

1.400

1.300

1.300
DST BK
DST BL
DKT

1.200
Wc/Wc
ref
1.100
1.000
0.900
0.800
0

DST BK
DST BL
DKT

1.200
W3/W3
ref
1.100
1.000
0.900

6
N

10

12

0.800
0

6
N

10

12

Twisting element 2x2

NxN = 2x2, so n = 2
If NxN = 4x4, so n = 4
If NxN = 8x8, so n = 8
If NxN = 16x16, so n = 16
If NxN = 32x32, so n = 32
Boundary element 2x2

Twisting element 4x4

NxN = 4x4, so n=4

Boundary element 4x4

Twisting element 6x6

NxN = 6x6, so n=6

Boundary element 6x6

Twisting element 8x8

NxN = 8x8, so n=8

Boundary element 8x8

Twisting element 16x16

NxN =16x16, so n=16

Boundary element 16x16

Twisting element 32x32

NxN =32x32, so n=32

Boundary element 32x32

Constant Curvature Past Test

Boundary condition:
w=0

Data
E
1000
v
0.3
k
5/6

Our References
Batoz, J.L. dan Katili, I. (1992). On a Simple Triangular Reissner/Mindlin Plate Element
Based on Incompatible Modes and Discrete Constraints. International Journal for
Numerical Methods in Engineering, 35, 1603-1632.
Katili, I., Formulation et valuation de nouveaux lments finis pour l'analyse linaire
des plaques et coques de forme quelconque, Universit de Technologie de Compigne,
France, 1993.
Katili, I. (1993). A New Discrete Kirchhoff-Mindlin Element Based on Mindlin-Reissner
Plate Theory and Assumed Shear Strain Fields-Part I: An Extended DKT Element for
Thick-Plate Bending Analysis. International Journal for Numerical Methods in
Engineering, 36, 1859-1883.
Katili, I., Metode Elemen Hingga untuk Pelat Lentur, Penerbit Universitas Indonesia (UIPress), Jakarta, 2004.

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