What should be

consider before
construction start?

Teoh Zi Wei 0323372

Vivian Tay 0323869
Vinnie Tan 0323706
Yeoh Sin Yuen 0323737
Tey
Cheng
Fern
0323912

Condition of Roads

Allow access of machines and transportation of

building material
Temporary road should be built if there is no way to
access
Check out the width, gradient, bends and sharp
corners

Location & Environmental issues

Should residential or food proccessing facility build

here?

NO!It affect the quality of living!

Daily operations
Traffic condition
Avoid trasport of material
at peak hours
Time taken for the
transportation of material.
Safety of others road
users
Keep transportation
costs in mind, as well.
Understand that costs

Daily operations
Disturbance
Construction may cause
disturbance to the
surrounding
Minimize the pollution
and maintain good air
condition
Construction should be
done in the night to
prevent voice pollution
that affect the school

Waste disposal and management

The construction waste consists of unwanted

material produced directly or incidentally by
the construction or industries.
There are different size of waste disposal bins
located at a common area for the workers to
throw the unwanted materials and broken
appliances into it.

Dangerous services running

underground-Electricity cables

When underground cables are damaged, people can be

killed and injured by electric shock, electrical arcs and
flames.
Incidents may arise from damaged cables but left
unreported and unrepaired.
Results in severe burns to hands, face and body, even if
protective clothing is being worn.
Underground electricity cables may be found in roads,

Dangerous services running

undergroundPipe sewer

Damage to water pipes is less likely to result in injury,

but the following may still occur:
a)A jet of water from a main can injure a person.
b) May contain stones or other hard objects ejected from the
ground around the pipe
c) Leaks of water from underground pipes can affect adjacent
services and reduce support for other structures.

To avoid (solution):

Electricity cables

Pipe sewer

Cable detection (Ezicat)

1) Used to detect different cables
and underground pipes. Pipes
include conductive pipes like steel
and cast iron.
2)Used to avoid striking a buried
utility.
3)Will
increase
your
on-site
safety, save your time, and save
your money, by reducing cable
Use locating device like strikes.

Excavation work should

be properly managed to
control risks, including:
1)Planning the work
2)Using cable plans
3)Cable locating devices
4)Safe digging practices

cable detection (Ezicat) or

cable
avoidance
tools
(CAT's)

Issue

WATER LEVEL
Solution

High water level can affect

the stability foundation
Water may penetrate the
foundation and causes the
foundation to be flooded with
water.
Excessive and uncontrolled
subsurface water has been
responsible for large numbers
of pavement failures, slope
failures, and unsatisfactory
projects.
Subsurface
drainage
is
essential for economical, long
term performance of roads and
highways.

a. Subsoil drainage
- installed within the ground in
order to remove excessive
water from the soil, so that it
doesnt cause damage to
buildings or to the landscape.

b. Dewatering treatment
Dewatering is the removal of
water.
It involves pumping from wells
or sumps to temporarily lower
groundwater levels, to allow
excavations to be made in dry
and stable conditions below
natural groundwater level.

TYPES OF SUBSOIL

The majority of subsoils are mixes of various soils.

Such as clay, sand, silt, gravel, rock, depending on the
geographical
location.
Different type of topsoil will required different depth of
excavation
Some of the ground layer may not suitable for
construction or certain
foundation

Chalk

Strip foundations are commonly used in chalk

Providing the chalk is not too soft, widths of 450mm for
low-rise buildings are generally acceptable.
If the chalk is soft it will need to be excavated until firm
chalk is reached.

Gravel and sand

Reinforced, wide strip
foundation may be suitable.
If the water table is high (i.e.
the gravel is submerged), the
bearing capacity is halved,
foundations as high as possible
Sand holds together
reasonably well when damp,
compacted and uniform, but
trenches may collapse and so
sheet piling is often used to
retain the ground in trenches
until the concrete is poured.

Clay
High level of moisture content
of Clay may cause expansion
and shrinkage
Foundation only can be built
at the depth when clay
moisture content remain stable
British Standard 8004
recommends a minimum depth
of 1m for foundations
A traditional strip foundation
is sometimes acceptable but it
is important not to overdig as

Temporary work

Uses of Fencing and Hording

Fencing
Define boundaries
Keep in or out stock
Isolate area of risk
Hording
Temporary fencing
To prevent
unauthorized people
enter
Trovide clear legal
evidence
Some used for
advertising purpose

Types of Fencing

Timber fence

Metal
fence

Acoustic

Electric fence

SCARFFOLDING

A crucial item to ensure that workers have a

place of work and safe to access it.
Materials used
1)Tubular steel
2) tubular aluminum alloy
3)timber

Putlog
Scaffold

Partly supported
by building
Set 1.25m /1.30m
away
Used mostly for

Independent
Scaffold

Does not rely

building for
support
2 rows of standard
set 1m away from
building

Mobile Access Tower

Used during maintenance + painting

Free standing
4 legs with castor + 1 platform
Moved manually
Firmly attached ladder
Comply with double guardrails &
bracing

Power and Water Supply

In the construction site, there is no
water supply can be provided
directly to the site, arrangements are
to be made to provide an adequate
water supply of potable water to the
workers.
Temporary water tank and vessel
In construction, power is not
always available everywhere
around the site.
Cameras and other equipment
will need power for the entire
duration of the project.
Other than that, appropriate
night time security lighting is
also to be provided at the site.

Accomodation

A temporary accommodation will be provided

for the workers with all the basic facilities. In
Malaysia, the workers normally stay in cabin or
wooden houses.