INEVITABLE ABORTION

Submitted by:
Rowena Percia
Jayson Aban

Introduction
Human beings are created with reproductive organs,
through these women are capable of becoming pregnant and
that is, the essence of being a woman. Pregnancy is a step for
a couple to have their own children and form a family but it
entails many complications that the woman may encounter
and hinder to their way of having a family as she go along her
pregnancy. These problems, the couple must be prepared and
be aware of, for them to be able to prevent it.
The term "abortion" also called as miscarriage is
commonly used to mean all forms of early pregnancy loss. It is
at a stage where the embryo or fetus is incapable of surviving
independently, generally defined in humans at prior to 20
weeks of gestation. Miscarriage is the most common
complication of early pregnancy. In medical contexts, the
word "abortion" refers to any process by which a pregnancy
ends with the death and removal or expulsion of the fetus,
regardless of whether it is spontaneous or intentionally
induced. Many women who have had miscarriages, however,
object to the term "abortion" in connection with their

Background of the
This
case study has been designed to find the foundation
study
of ones behavior that should assume the goal of nursing to
assist the individual and family in preventing and coping with
illness and maintaining maximum degree of health.
The student nurses of Bsn2 chose the case of Inevitable
Abortion; means the process of expulsion of products of
conception has become irreversible. The expulsion of
products of conception has not occurred but it is bound to
happen and nothing can be done to stop this process. It is a
loss of pregnancy that cannot be prevented. Complete
abortion and incomplete abortion are types of inevitable
abortion.
-Complete abortion is all products of conception are expelled.
-Incomplete abortion is not all products of conception are
expelled from the uterus.

The student nurses hope to bring about new facts and

knowledge about the case of Inevitable Abortion for better
understanding that will benefit individuals, mothers, and

General
At the end
of this case study the student will acquire
Objectives
general knowledge and understanding on Inevitable Abortion,
and the comprehensive management for such cases and for all
the aspects that contribute to and affect the condition of
patients with the said abortion.

Specific
To acquire knowledge about inevitable abortion: its
Objectives
definition,
origin, causes, signs and symptoms, treatment
and nursing management.
As student nurses, we want to enhance our skills in
providing quality, efficient, and safe nursing care to our
patient with inevitable abortion.
To make the patient and her family comfortable and be able
to cooperate with us through open communication.
To work as a team and appreciate each others abilities that
will lead to giving comprehensive quality care to the
patient.
To be able to know the pathophysiological basis of the

Scope and
Limitation
The coverage of this study is from March 12, and 13, 2015
at ARMMC labor Room.
The limitations of this study are as follows:

Topic Scope: In this study, we only focused on the causes

and effects of inevitable abortion, possible causes, sign and
symptoms, pathophysiology, nursing care plan, and nursing
management.
Geographical area: We limited the area to the Labor
Room where the client was admitted.

Theoretical
Imogene Kings Theory of Goal Attainment concept, basically
Framework
is that the nurse
and client communicate information, set

goals, and then take necessary actions to achieve the planned

goals. This theory describes an interpersonal relationship that
allows a person to grow and develop in order to attain certain
life goals.
Environment

Client

Communication/Interac
tion

Health

Nurse

Clinical
General DataStudy
Name: F K B
Address: Marikina City
Age: 22 years old
Religion: Catholic
Civil Status: Single
Nationality: Filipino
Date of Birth: June 2. 1992
Birth Place: Marikina
Name of mother: R B
Date of Admission:
Time of Admission:
Ward and Room:
Admitting Diagnosis:
AOG
Attending Physician:
Albano

March 10. 2015

4am
Labor Room
G1P0 (Inevitable Abortion) 16 weeks
Dr. Caudos Aquino Urbano and Dr.

Chief
Complaint
Admitted to ER, 22 years old, female, a History of
Present illness
accompanied by mother and husband with the chief
complaints of watery discharge in vagina.

History of Present
Illness
March 9, 2015, hours before confinement, client complains of
watery discharges from her vagina with mild pain in
abdominal. She said her condition did not improve, instead, it
worsened prompting her to seek medical attention. Hence,
she decided to submit herself at Amang Rodriquez Memorial
Medical Center.

Past Medical
History
Childhood Illness: Dengue
Fever
Childhood Immunization:
None
Allergies: None
Previous Hospitalization:
None

Family
History
No family history of
illness

Review of
System

System
General
Description
Skin
EENT
Musculoskeleta
l
Respiratory
Cardio
Gastro
Reproductive
System

Subjective Cues

Objective Cues

Normal
Normal

Meron po lumalabas
na parang tubig sa
aking ari.

Normal / RR: 21
Normal/ PR: 92
Normal

Physical
Assessment

Measurement:

FINDINGS

Height:
Weight:
Vital Signs
BP:
Temperature
PR:
RR:

52
83kg

110/70
36.5
95
21

NORMAL
VALUES

ANALYSIS/
INTERPRETATION

120-80

Normal

36.5-37.4

Normal

80-100

Normal

16-22

Normal

Physical
Assessment

Head to Toe Assessment:

Body
Parts

Normal
Findings

Actual
Finding
s

Eye/Vision

Pinkish/Red
dish

Pale
Conjunct
iva

Mouth
Lips
Tongue

Moist
Reddish

Dry

Gums

Pinkish/Red
dish

Analysis/In
terpretatio
n

Head

Posterior
Abdomen

Round

Globular

Lack of
fluid intake

Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomy and Physiology

The female reproductive system is designed to carry out several
functions. It produces the female egg cells necessary for reproduction,
called the ova or oocytes. The system is designed to transport the ova to
the site of fertilization. Conception, the fertilization of an egg by a
sperm, normally occurs in the fallopian tubes.

After conception, the uterus offers a safe and favorable environment for
a baby to develop before it is time for it to make its way into the outside
world. If fertilization does not take place, the system is designed to
menstruate (the monthly shedding of the uterine lining). In addition, the
female reproductive system produces female sex hormones that
maintain the reproductive cycle.

During menopause the female reproductive system gradually stops

making the female hormones necessary for the reproductive cycle to
work. When the body no longer produces these hormones a woman is
considered to be menopausal.

Pathophysiology

Precipitating
Factors
Paternal Conflict
Family-related
stressor

Predisposing
Factors
22 Years Old
Female
Primi Gravida

Abdominal
Contraction
Abdominal
Pain
Cervical
Dilation
Watery discharges from the
vagina
Passing of small
pieces of pregnancy
tissue
Dilatation &
Curettage

Course in the
Ward

3-12-15
Client in high fowlers position with IVF ongoing D5LR 1L at 200 cc.
Soft diet maintained.
Vital sign taken and recorded attended by Dr. Urbano. Kept rested.
Endorsed for continuity of care.

3-13-2015
Vital sign taken and recorded.
Morning perineal care done.
Soft diet served with strict aspiration precaution.

Discharge Summary
Plan
Medication:
Since there is no drug given to our client, we advise the
client to take herbal
medicine.
R: Treatment regimen is important to have faster
recovery.
Explain to the client the nature of the herbal
medicine.
R: Knowledge about the herbal medicine will
make the client aware of what she is taking and may
increase her cooperation.

Discharge Summary
Plan
Exercise:
Encourage to do early ambulation with
resumption of normal activity as tolerated.
R: Circulation of blood is promoted
through regular
movement thus helping
the healing process.

Discharge Summary
Plan
Treatment:
Explain to the client and family the need for
treatment and that it is long process depending on the
compliance of the client to the therapeutic regimen.
R: To make the client and the family aware
to the treatment
does not end in the hospital and
that their participation is a must in the continuation
of care.
Encourage family member to provide patient
emotional support.
Hygiene:
R: To lessen anxiety and stress felt by the
patient.
Advise to do proper perineal care regularly.
R: Appropriate self-care of the perineum
reduce risk for bacterial invasion and promotes
comfort and cleanliness. Increases sense of wellness.

Discharge Summary
PlanVisit
Outpatient
Instruct client to visit physician on the dates given for
following check-up.
R: Follow-up checkup is important for the physician
to monitor the
Diet
progress of the therapeutic intervention availed by
the client.
Educate client about the importance of taking proper diet.
R: Adequate information about the action will
be gain clients
cooperation.
Instruct client to take variety of nutritious foods such as
fruits and vegetables.
R: Promote and maintain a healthy body.
Encourage patient to eat protein and vitamin C rich foods
R: To promote faster healing and tissue repair.

Discharge Summary
Plan
Spirituality
Advise that client to seek spiritual counseling for her inevitable
miscarriage .
R: This prevents .