Program

Development
ZUHAIRA U. EBRAHIM

What is a Program?
A group of projects managed in a coordinated way to
obtain benefits
A portfolio comprised of multiple projects that are
managed and coordinated as one unit with the
objective of achieving outcomes and benefits for the
organization.

Program Development
On-going, continuous, comprehensive planning
process used to establish projects
It is a road map, an action plan that provides the
guidance needed to develop and build effective
community programs

Project
Temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product,
service or result (PMI BoK 3.0)
Any activity that involves the use of one or more scarce
resources during a specific time period for the purpose of
producing a socioeconomic return in the form of goods and
services. (NEDA, PD Manual 1984)
Any undertaking that has a definite, final objectives
representing specified values to be used in the satisfaction of
some need or desire (Ralph Currier Davis)

Project Management
It is the planning, monitoring and control of all of all those
involved in it aspects of a project and the motivation to achieve
the project objectives on time and to the specified cost, quality
and performance
(PMI BoK): Application of knowledge, skills, tools & techniques
to project activities to meet or exceed stakeholder needs &
expectations from a defined project balancing the following:
Scope, time, cost, and quality
Stakeholders expectations
Requirements (needs) vs. unidentified requirements (expectations)

Program Development Process

Planning
Evaluation

Implementatio
n

Monitoring

Monitoring &
Evaluation

Monitoring &
Evaluation
Project
Identification

Project
Planning

Project
Implementation

Monitoring &
Evaluation

Planning
The planning process provides the foundation for sound
decision-making in setting program priorities and using resources
It involves gathering, analyzing and interpreting data;
identifying needs, concerns and assets
A strategy that involves identifying goals and objectives,
conducting needs assessment to analyze the situation, setting
priorities based upon the identified needs, identifying
stakeholders and resources,designing an action plan,
implementing the plan, and assessing the level ofachievement.

Planning Steps
Conduct
Needs
Assessment

Program
Revision

Develop
Vision, Goals,
Objectives

Conduct
Evaluation

Identify
Resources

Assign
Leadership
Tasks

Identify
Funding
Sources

Implementati
on Linkages
and
Collaboration
s

Conduct Needs Assessment

Tasks:
Describe your target audience, identified problem, program planningprocess
and need for your agency to address the problem.
Key Players Responsible:
Program planner
Products:
Worksheets: Questions to Include inyour Questionnaire; Collecting Data on
Existing Organizations/ Assessment Tool

Conduct Needs Assessment

Assessment is an essential part of the planning process when designing
successful programs
Provides program planners with the information needed to prioritize goals
according to identified needs

The needs assessment determines:

What needs exist in the community?
Who needs the services (group)?
How the user community is changing?

Develop Vision, Mission, Goals,

Objectives
The Vision
Planning starts with a vision
A vision is a mental image produced by the imagination to others
The art of seeing things invisible to others Jonatahan Swift

The Mission (What and Why)

The culminating strategic point of all organizational activity and the
most general strategic choice that must be made by the managers
Describeswhatthe group is going to do, andwhyit's going to do that

Develop Vision, Mission, Goals,

Objectives
Goals
The basic component of measuring progress in attaining objectives in an
organization
Describe how the program will affect the target

Tasks:
Develop goals that accurately reflect potential solutions to the problems found
during the needs assessment. Establish realistic goals that describe how the
program will affect the target population.
Key Players:
Program Planner

Develop Vision, Mission, Goals,

Objectives
Objectives
Organizational performance criteria to be achieved and measured in the
utilization of organizational resources
Specific measurable results for the initiative's broad goals.
Objectives generally lay out how much of what will be accomplished by
when.
Should always be SMART

Other Planning Steps and

Considerations
Planning Steps

Planning Considerations

Identify Resources

What resources does the program need to achieve

its goals?

Assign Leadership
Tasks

Who will be responsible for each part of the

program?
How will the program be led and coordinated?

Implementation
Linkages and
Collaborations

What relationship do you need to establish with

other social service agencies, community
organizations, and faith-based organizations? What
procedures will keep the program on track?

Identify Funding
Sources

Where will the budget come from?

Conduct Evaluation

How can you determine whether you have met your

goals and objectives?

Project Planning
Deals with the determination of what activities and what resources have to
be utilized to ensure that the project is adequately executed
Define Scope of Project
Develop budget based on scope of project
Develop schedule (based on scope, budget, resources and targets set by
project clients)

Implementation
Project Execution
Phase where vision and plans become reality
Carrying out activities described in the work plan
This is the logical conclusion after evaluating, deciding, visioning, planning,
applying for funds and finding financial resources of a project

Objectives of Implementation
The objectives of the implementation phase can be summarized as follow:
Putting the action plan into operation (PHILIP et al.2008)
Achieving tangible change and improvements (PHILIP et al. 2008)
Ensuring that new infrastructure, new institutions and new resources are
sustainable in every aspect (MORIARTY et al. 2007)
Ensuring transparency with regards to finances (MORIARTY et al. 2007)

How to Get Started

The basic requirement for starting the implementation process is to have
the work plan ready and understood by all the actors involved
Other actions need to be taken before work can begin to implement:
Scheduling activities and identifying bottlenecks
Communicating with the members of the team and ensuring all the roles and
responsibilities are distributed and understood
Providing for project management tools to coordinate the process
Ensuring that the financial resources are available and distributed accordingly

Phases and Stages

Identification

Situational
Analysis Stage

Project

Project
Framework

Planning Phase

Design Stage

Feasibility Study
Preparation

Implementation
Phase
Evaluation Phase

Project
Implementation
Plan

Appraisal and
Negotiation
Stage

Project Appraisal
Project
Negotiation

Project

Phases and Stages

Planning Phase

Start Up Stage

Project Initiation
and Mobilization

Implementation
Phase

Implementation
Stage

Monitoring,
Evaluation,
Adjustment

Completion Stage

Handover and
Administrative
Closure

Evaluation Phase

ou fail to plan, you plan to

Reference
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, PMI, Third Edition
Field Guide to Project Management David I. Cleland
Development Academy of the Philippines Handouts on Program Management
http://
www.independent-consulting-bootcamp.com/difference-between-a-project-and
-a-program.html
https://www.scribd.com/doc/4398223/Program-Development
http://
ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/structure/strategic-planning/vmosa/main
http://www.sswm.info