Agreed Format Quantitative Study

TITLE PAGE
ABSTRACT
APPROVAL SHEET
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Objectives
Significance
Scope and Limitations
Definition of Terms
List of Acronyms
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND
STUDIES
Related Literature and Studies
Theory Base
Conceptual Framework
Research Hypothesis/es or Research Assumptions

Agreed Format
CHAPTER III METHOD
Research Design
Research Locale
Sources of Data
Data Gathering Instrument/Materials
Sampling Technique
Procedure
Statistical Treatment
Ethical Considerations
CHAPTER IV
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CHAPTER V SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary
Conclusions
Recommendations

REFERENCES
APPENDICES
CURRICULUM VITAE

Guidelines for preliminaries

TITLE PAGE

Refer to Annex ___for sample

ABSTRACT

Provides brief and comprehensive summary of the

study
Should include the brief description of the problem,
the methods used, and the results and their
implications
Should not exceed 350 words or more than one page
Spell-out abbreviations, use digits for all numbers
except when used in the beginning of the sentence
Must only contain information which is included in the
main paper
Limit information to 4 or 5 most concepts, findings, or
implications of the study
No citation of references
Use active voice

APPROVAL SHEET
Refer to Annex ___

Guidelines for preliminaries

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Expressions of gratitude to people

who assisted the researcher in the
conduct of the study,
population/groups covered by the
study, sponsoring institution who
financed the research
Use third person

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Provides a brief overview on the

major topics covered by the
research
Contains the major headings, subheadings, and page numbers

Guidelines for preliminaries

LIST OF TABLES

Table numbers and title should tally with the

table numbers in the body of the manuscript
With heading rows (No., Title, Page No.),
heading row title center aligned
If more than 1 line - single spaced, indented,
flash left aligned. Refer to Annex ____

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure numbers and titles should tally with the
figure numbers in the body of the manuscript
With heading rows (No., Title, Page No.),
heading row title center aligned
If more than 1 line - single spaced, indented,
flash left aligned. Refer to Annex ____

PAGINATION FOR PRELIMINARIES: Reflected at

bottom center, italicized roman lower case (i, ii,
iii). Page counting starts from title page.
Pagination is not reflected (but counted) in title
page, abstract and approval sheet.

Guidelines for Chapter 1 - Introduction

Background of the Study
Circumstance or situations leading to the choice of the study are
presented in global-national-local scenarios or vice-versa
Ends with a rationale or a justification of the selection or choice of the
study.
Should not start with a quotation
Start with a brief but provocative statement that is applicable to the
theme of the study
Follow with facts/statistics that portray the problematic situation
(global, national,regional and local setting)
Present the resume of events/programs/projects that have been done
by various public and private sectors to address the problem
Indicate the firm stand on the need to bridge the gap between existing
facts and the problematic situation

Guidelines for Chapter 1 - Introduction

Objectives
- Statements of purpose for which the
investigation is conducted. These serve as
guide in the specification of variables,
selection of research method,
determination of the data to be collected
and planning analysis of results.
- Should have general and specific
objectives

Guidelines for Chapter 1 - Introduction

Significance
What significance the results have
Identify who would benefit from the
study and what specific benefit they
could get (1 paragraph per beneficiary)

Guidelines for Chapter 1 - Introduction

Scope and Limitations

The scope of the problem
should be stated specifically.
Scope and limitations may be
in terms of respondents,
geographical coverage, method
used, data treatment, duration
or period covered by the study,
among others.

Guidelines for Chapter 1 - Introduction

Definition of Terms
Clear definitions should be stated
for all variables mentioned in the
research title and objectives.
Conceptual and operational or
working definitions should be used.
Alphabetically arranged
List of Acronyms
Commonly used acronyms should
be spelled-out, presented in
alphabetical order

Guidelines for Chapter 2 Review of Related

Literature
Related
Literature and Studies
and
Studies
Involves the systematic identification, location, and
analysis of documents containing information related to
the research problem
Determine what has been done already
Provide insight necessary to develop a logical framework
into which the topic fits
Provides the rationale for the hypotheses being
investigated and the justification of the significance of
the study
Identifies potentially useful methodological strategies
Facilitates the interpretation of the results
Organization of flow is based on the parameters of the
objective
May not focus narrowly on the variables of the study,
findings of relevant studies may be integrated on the
specific topic applicable
Provide synthesis of the reviewed related literature and
studies, establish relations to pastresearches

Guidelines for Chapter 2 Review of Related

Literature
Theory Base
and Studies

This includes existing accepted concepts, principles,

theories and frameworks where the study can be
anchored
Provides the legal basis for defining the parameters of
the problem

Conceptual Framework
A diagram showing the interconnections of the
variables
Integrates and operationalises the different factors or
variables of the study
Make sure that arguments about patterns of
relationships are formed
It should be clear why a given pattern is being
proposed
It is important to give an explanation or rationale for
the patterns discussed or argued for

Guidelines for Chapter 2 Review of Related

Literature
and Studies

Research Hypothesis/es or Research Assumptions

Assumptions are propositions about reality that are not
researched on and instead serve as a given in the research
investigation.
An assumption is not tested, neither is it defended nor
argued.
Like hypothesis, assumptions are propositions about a certain
phenomenon or event. But unlike hypothesis, assumptions
need not proven anymore
Hypothesis restates the problem (specifically one that
involves inference), in a form that is precise enough to allow
testing (testable)
Stated in declarative form
Posits a relationship between variables
Reflects theory or literature
Brief and to the point
Hypotheses are usually stated in the null form.

Guidelines for Chapter 3 - Method

Research Design
A brief description on the research
method used
Should cite authorities to
substantiate the choice of such
method
Research Locale
Brief discussion on the locale of the
study

Guidelines for Chapter 3 - Method

Sources of Data
Specifically includes discussion
on the primary and secondary
sources of data
Data Gathering Instrument
Includes discussion on reliability
and validity of the instrument.
Discusses parts of the instrument

Guidelines for Chapter 3 - Method

Sampling Technique
Includes a description of the sampling technique
used in determining the sample size of the subject
and how were they selected.
Procedure
Step by step account on the conduct of the study,
with citation of Appendices, whenever applicable
This section tells the reader what you did and how
you did it.
Any error or weakness in procedures that has
been discovered during the conduct of the
research should be pointed out, and any
consequent limitations upon the research results
should be fully noted.

Guidelines for Chapter 3 - Method

Statistical Treatment

Discussion on the statistics used per

problem statement, in paragraph form,
problem is spell-out
Brief description on the particular
statistics used considering its limitations
may also be included
Ethical Considerations
Refer to Annex ___

Guidelines for Chapter 4 Results and

Discussion
Prepare an outline with headings corresponding

to specific problem statement, sub-headings for

the parameters mentioned.
Provide introductory part for each heading prior
to the discussion of each parameter or variable.
Tables and charts must be numbered, referred to
after the narrative statement and not before.
Tables and charts supplement the discussion.
Present the results, analyze and interpret
integrating the related literature and studies.
B e consistent with the tense used. Use present
tense to discuss the findings. If there are many
past experiences that have to be referred to,
then shift to past tense.
Present either a table or a figure and never both.
Table and figure numbering must be sequential.

Guidelines for Chapter 5 Summary, Conclusions

and Recommendations
Summary
Gives a brief statement of the problem, the procedures and the
findings.
Provides a quick tour of the findings of the study.
Covers the highlights of the research or the major points
raised.
Conclusions
Avoid broad generalizations not adequately supported by data.
Conclusions should be drawn only for the population and
circumstances for which evidences have been collected.
Recommendations
Indicate the practical contributions of the study
May include suggestions for policy and research agenda
Should be based on the findings of the study

Guidelines for References

APA format (refer to separate guide)

Alphabetized
Include only those cited in text.
Text citations and reference list
entries agree both in spelling and in
date

Guidelines for Appendices

May include materials that are too
cumbersome to read in the body of the
paper but are useful references.
Should be sequential (as they appear or
mentioned in the text)
Maybe presented in smaller fonts
The word Appendix should be placed in
the center, written in capital letters, with
corresponding letters, e.g., APPENDIX A,
with pagination

Guidelines for Curriculum Vitae

With scanned picture, center

The APA Format

Paper Quality
8 by 11 inches and 20 pound weight (substance
20)

Print and Fonts

All thesis copies should be produced with a sharp,
high contrast black image of the original.

Margins
The left hand margin must be wide enough for
binding, thus 1 inches or 4 centimeters is
suggested while the top, right-hand, and bottom
margins are 1 inch or 2.54 centimeters, respectively.

Alignment
Flush left (creating uneven right margin)

The APA Format

Chapters
Must always begin on a new page.

Spacing
Double-spacing is required throughout
most of the thesis or dissertation proposal
or report, except for table titles, figure
captions, references, and footnotes where
single-spacing is used. Long quotations
are also indented five spaces or inch.

The APA Format

Figures, tables, and footnotes

Figures and tables used must be mentioned
in the thesis and dissertation report.
Refer to all tables as tables and to all
graphs, pictures, or drawings as figures.
Tables should be given brief and clear
explanatory titles typed above the
pertinent table, and should be numbered
using Arabic numerals; figure captions are
typed below the pertinent figure.

The APA Format

Figure Format
All figures (photographs, drawings, charts, graphs,
etc.) must be neatly drawn and lettered in black
or colors as needed. All such figures must fit
inside the margins.
Illustrations should be labeled as Figures, such
as Figure 1, and the labels should be labeled
consecutively throughout the text, e.g. Figure 1,
Figure 2, Figure 3, etc. Figures and Tables are not
the same and should NOT be numbered with
reference to each other, such as Figure 1, Table 2,
Figure 3, etc. All pages carrying figures must have
page numbers in the upper right hand corner.

The APA Format

Caption
It explains enough about the content so the
reader need not refer to the text.

Quotations
Quotations of fewer than 40 words should be
incorporated into the text and enclosed by
double quotation marks ( )
Display quotations of 40 or more words in a
double spaced block type written lines with no
quotation marks. If the quotation is more than
one paragraph, indent the first line of second
and additional paragraphs five to seven spaces
or in. from the new margin.

Spacing

5
4
2
2

spaces
spaces
spaces
spaces

between
between
between
between

chapter no. and main part

main part and start of text
text
paragraphs
CHAPTER 1
5 spaces
INTRODUCTION
4 spaces

Blah blahnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn
Nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn
2 spaces between text
Blah blahnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn
Nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn

2 spaces between paragraphs

Spacing
3 spaces before and after figures

3 spaces
Figure 1. The Star
3 spaces
Blah blahnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn
Nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn

3 spaces before and after tables

Table Title

, 2 spaces between Table No. and

Blah blahnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn
Nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn
3 spaces
Table 1
2 spaces
Number of Respondents

3 spaces

The APA Format

Table format

Mentoring the mentors

Ensure research topic is within the
schools/colleges research agenda,
geared towards the degree/major.
Consider composition of the panel
members
Correct the flow of related literature
and studies

Sample flow of related literature and

studies
Related Literature and Studies
Definitions of Collaborations
Types of Academe-Industry Interactions
Formation of Collaboration
Benefits of Collaboration
Drawbacks of Collaboration
26
Success Factors on Collaboration
Collaboration Initiatives of Industries
and Government Agencies with
the Academe
Collaboration Initiatives of Academe
with Industries and
Government Agencies
Effectiveness of Collaboration
Profile of Autonomous Universities
in Davao Region
Relationship to Past Researches

16
17
18
22
25
29
31
32
33
44
49

How to Cite References

General Guidelines: In-Text Citations

Citing an Author or Authors

One Author
If the authors name appears in your
sentence, cite only the year of publication in
parenthesis.
Price (1954) described nursing as a combination
of both art and science.

If both the year and the author are

mentioned in the text, do not add
parenthetical information.
In 1954, Price described nursing as a combination
of both art and science.

 If you do not use the name or year of

publication in your text, insert the information
where appropriate. If the citation occurs at
the end of the sentence, the end punctuation
appears after the parenthetical reference.
A recent study (Barrett, 1997) found that
The basis for this argument is provided by a recent
comprehensive study of .(Barrett, 1997).

Within a paragraph, you need not include the

year in subsequent reference to a study as
long as the study cannot be confused with
other studies cited in the article.
In a recent study of reaction times, Walker (2000)
described the method..Walker also found out
that.

 Citing an Author or Authors

Two Authors
Name both authors in the signal phrase or
parenthesis each time you cite the work. In
the parenthesis, use the ampersand &
between the authors names. In the signal
phase, use and.
Spiritual health is achieved when a person finds
balance between his or her own life values, goals
and belief system and those of others (Potter &
Perry, 2004).
According to Potter and Perry (2004), spiritual
health is achieve when a person finds balance
between his or her own life values, goals and
belief system and those of others.

 Citing an Author or Authors

Three, Four, or Five Authors
Cite all authors the first time the reference
occurs. In any other references, include only the
last name of the first author followed by et al.
and the year if it is the first citation in the
paragraph.
First Citation for this source in your paper:
Greasely, Chiu, and Gartland (2001) posit that.
In 2001, Greasely, Chiu, and Garland posited
that..
The concept of (Greasely, Chiu, & Garland, 2001)
Second Citation for this source in your paper:
As Greasely et al. (2001) also discussed
This study (Greasely et al., 2001) also found
This study found (Greasly et al., 2001).
Note: In et al., et should not be followed by a period.

 Citing an Author or Authors

Six or More Authors
Include only the last name of the author followed by
et al. from the outset.
One study (Bautista et al., 1996) attempts to explain
In a recent study (Bautista et al., 1996).
Bautista et al. (1996) argued that

Unknown Author
If the work does not have an author, cite the source by
its title in the signal phrase or give the first word or
two in the parenthesis. Titles of books and reports are
italicized or underline and titles of articles and
chapters are in quotation marks.
Children struggling to control their weight must also
struggle with the pressure of television . (Television,
2002).
A similar study was done of students learning t o format
research papers (Using APA, 2001).
Note: In rare case the Anonymous is used for the author,
treat it as the authors name (Anonymous, 2001). In the
reference list, use the name Anonymous as the author.

 Citing an Author or Authors

Organization as Author
The names of groups that serve as authors (e.g.
corporations, association, and government agencies)
are usually spelled out each time they appear in a text
citation. The names of some associations or
government agencies acting as group authors,
however, are spelled out in the first citation and
abbreviated thereafter. If the name is long and
cumbersome and if the abbreviation is familiar or
readily understandable, you may abbreviate the name
in the second and subsequent citations. If the name is
short or if the abbreviation would not be readily
understandable, write out the name each time it occurs.
First text citations:
Although health is defined as. as stated by the
World Health Organization (WHO) in 1999
Although health is defined as (World Health
Organization [WHO], 1999).
According to a recent (World Health Organization
[WHO], 1999)
Subsequent text citations:
In the WHO (1999) report
A study found that (WHO, 1999).

 Citing an Author or Authors

Two or More Works by Different Authors
List the works in alphabetical order and separate them
with semi-colons.
There is evidence to suggest that . (McSherry & Draper,
1997; Narayanasamy, 1993; Ross, 1996).

Authors with the same Last Name

To avoid confusion, use initials with the last names if
your reference list includes two or more authors with the
same last name.
Research by D. Brown (1989), revealed that
Research conducted by A. Brown (1990), revealed

Multiple Works by One Author with Same

Publication Date
Identify works by the same author with the same
publication date by adding the suffixes a, b, c and so
forth after the year. These kinds of references are
ordered alphabetically by the title on the References
page.
Several studies (Johnson, 1991a, 1991b, 1991c; Singh
1983) found that
Johnson (1991b) conducted an additional

 Citing Indirect Sources

If you use a source that was cited in
another source, name the original
source in your paragraph. Use the
phrase cited in followed by the
author and year of the text in which
you found the material.
Dombeck mentioned that the word
spiritually was derived from the Latin word
spiritus, which refers to breath or wind (as
cited in Potter & Perry, 2005).
Van Leeuwen and Cusveller conducted a
literature review . (as cited in Pesut,
2008).

 Electronic Sources
When possible, cite an electronic
document as you would any other
document (using author-date style).
A person is composed of body, mind and
spirit. When the physical domain of an
individual is compromised, the mind and
the spirit are also involved (Makhija,
2002).
For Watson in 1999, the transpersonal
caring relationship characterizes a special
kind of human care relationship that.

Electronic sources may lack authors

name or dates.

 Electronic Sources
Unknown Author
If no author is named, mention the title of the document
in a signal phrase or give the first word or two of the title
in parenthesis.
The bodys basal metabolic rate, or BMR, is a measure of
its at-rest energy requirement (Exercise, 2003).

Unknown Date
When the date is unknown, APA recommends using the
abbreviation n.d. (for no date).
Attempts to establish a definitive link between television
programming and childrens eating habits have been
problematic (Magnus, n.d.).

Unknown Author and Unknown Date

If no author or date is given, use the title in your signal
phrase or the first word or two of the title in the
parentheses and use the abbreviation n.d. (for no
date).
Another story of students and research decisions
discovered that students succeeded with tutoring
(Tutoring and APA, n.d.).

 Personal Communication
Personal Communications may be letters,
memorandum, electronic communications
(e.g., e-mail or messages from nonarchived
discussion groups or electronic bulletin
boards), personal interviews, telephone
conversations, and like. Since they do not
provide recordable date, they are not included
in the reference list. However, they will be
cited in text only. In the text, initials as well as
the surname of the communicator as well as
the exact date should be given.
T. K. Lutes mentioned that (personal
communication, April 18, 2001).
In a certain study (T. K. Lutes, personal
communication, April 18, 2001).

Sample References
Cited List

for

Works-

Book/ Edited Book

Buss, A. H. (1980). Self-consciousness and social

anxiety. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.
Chickering, A. W., & Smith, L. E. (Eds.). (1981).
The
Modern American College Responding
to the new realities of diverse students and a
changing society. San Francisco: Jossy-Bass.

Book, Two to Six Authors

Eggins, S., Smith, J. R., & Slade, D. J. (1997).
Analyzing casual conversation. London: Cassell.

Book, More Than Six Authors - include first

6 authors then abbreviate remaining
authors as et al.
Quirk, R., Eggins, S., Smith, J. R., Slade, D. J.,
Buss, A. H., Jones, B. D. et al. (1985). A
comprehensive grammar of the English
language. London: Longman.

 Book by a Corporate Author

Public Agenda Foundation (1992). The health
care crisis: Containing costs, expanding
coverage. New York: McGraw

Book with no Author or Editor

Merriam-Websters collegiate dictionary (10th
ed.) (1993). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster

Work in an Anthology or Edited Book

Allende, I. (1992). Toads mouth. (M.S. Peden,
Trans.). In T. Cochie (ed.), A hammock beneath
the mangoes: Stories from Latin America
(pp.83-88). New York: Plume.
Good, T. L, & Brophy, J. E. (1986). School effects.
In M.C. Wittrock (Ed.), Handbook of research
on teaching (3rd ed., pp. 570-602). New York:
Macmillan.

 Work Reprinted in a Multi-volume

Collected Work
Washington, M. H. (1992). An essay on Alice
Walker. In J. P. Draper (Ed.) Black literature
criticism. (Vol. 3, pp. 1810-12). Detroit: Gale.
(Reprinted fromSturdy black bridges: Visions of
Black women in literature, pp. 133-49, by R. P.
Bell, B. J. Parker, & B. Guy-Sheftall, 1979,
Garden City, NY: Anchor Press/ Doubleday).

Encyclopedia Article
Bergman, P. G. (1993). Relativity. In The new
encyclopedia Britannica (Vol. 26, pp.501-508).
Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica.
If an entry has no author, begin the reference with the
entry title and publication date.

Relativity. (1993). In The new encyclopedia

Britannica (Vol. 26, pp. 501-508). Chicago:
Encyclopedia Britannica.

 Article in a Journal- include issue number only if

each issue is separately paged.
Lacayo, R. (1991, April 22). Global warming: A new warning.
Time, 137(16), 32.
Smith, M. L., & Finn, J. (1997, October). The use of the World
Wide Web by Undergraduate social work education
programs. Journal of Baccalaureate Social Work, 3(1), 7184.
Stacks, D. W., & Hickson, M. (1991). The communication
investigator: Teaching research methods to undergraduates.
Communication Quarterly, 39, 351-357.

Article in the Published Proceedings of a

Conference
Brock, D. (1981). New public broadcasting programs and
services. In J. Brown (Ed.), Technology and education:
Policy, implementation, evaluation. Proceedings of the
National Conference on Technology and Education. January
26-28 (pp.30-59). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.

 Unpublished Convention Paper

McCormack, S. A. (1988, May). When lovers become leery:
The lie-bias of suspicion. Paper presented at the annual
meeting of the International Communication Association,
New Orleans, LA.

Article in a Newspaper or Weekly/ Biweekly

Magazine - do not include the volume and issue
numbers
Schwartz, J. (1993, September 30). Obesity affects economic,
social status. The Washington Post, pp. A1, A4.
If an article has no author, begin the reference with the article
title and publication date.

Review - include name of work reviewed if not part

of title.
Kauffman, S. (1993, December 13). A new Spielberg. [Review
of the movie Schindlers list]. New Republic, 30.
Updike, J. (2002, February 4). No brakes. [Review of the book
Sinclair Lewis: Rebel from Main Street]. New Yorker, 77-80.

 Doctoral Dissertation obtained from the

university
Byerly, J. (1982). An investigation of factors that condition
student enrollment in broadcast courses at Coastline
Community College (Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine
University, 1981). Dissertation Abstracts International,
43, 58A.

Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation

Wilfley, D. E. (1989). Interpersonal analysis of bulimia:
Normal-weight and obese. Unpublished doctoral
dissertation, University of Missouri, Colombia.

Unpublished masters thesis, university

outside the United States
Almeida, D.M. (1990). Fathers participation in family work:
Consequences for fathers stress and father-child
relations. Unpublished masters thesis, University of
Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.

Give the name of the city and the name of the

state. (Do not give the name of the state if it is
included in the name of university.
Give the city, state or province (if applicable) and
country of a university outside the United States.

 Motion Picture
Lehman, E. (Producer), & Nichols, M. (Director). (1966).
Whos afraid of Virginia Woolf? [Motion Picture]. Burbank,
CA: Warner Brothers.

Television Broadcast
Crystal, L. (Executive Producer). (1993, October 11). The
MacNeil/ Lehrer news hour. [Television broadcast]. New
York and Washington, DC: Public Broadcasting Service.

Legal Sources
Statutes - Name of Act, Volume Source Section (Year).
Mental Health Systems Act, 42 U.S.C. Sec. 9401 (1988).

Cases - Name v. Name, Volume Source Page (Court Date).

Lessard v. Schmidt, 349 F. Supp. 1078 (1972).

Regulations - Title/Number, Volume Source Section

(year).
FTC Credit Practices Rule, 16 C.F.R. Sec. 444 (1999).

Patent
Smith, I. M. (1988). U.S. Patent No. 123,445. Washington,
DC: U.S Patent and Trademark Office.

 Electronic Stand-Alone Document

Author/Authoring Body. (Date). Title of the Document.
Retrieval Date from URL
Bryant, P. (1999). Biodiversity and conservation. Retrieved
October 4, 1999, from
http://darwin.bio.uci.edu/~sustain/bio65/Titlepage.htm

Electronic Document from a Multi-Page

Site
Author/Authoring Body. (Date). Title of the
Document. Retrieval Date from URL [of the home (or
entry) page for the document].
Bell, S. H. & Gallagher, L. J. (2001, February). Prime-age adults
without children or disabilities: The least deserving of the
pooror are they? Retrieved April 20, 2001, from Assessing
the New Federalism: An Urban Institute Project Web site:
http://newfederalism.urban.org/html/series_b/b26/b26.html

 Article from an Internet

Journal/Periodical - same as article in
journal/periodical, followed by retrieval date
and URL.
Fine, M., & Kurdek, L. A. (1993). Reflections on
determining authorship credit and Authorship
order on faculty-student collaborations. American
Psychologist, 48, 1141-1147 Retrieved June 7,
1999, from
http://www.apa.org/journals/amp/kurdek.html

Article from an Online Encyclopedia

Daniel, R. T. (1995). The history of Western music.
Britannica online: Macropaedia. Retrieved June
14, 1999, from http://www.eb.com:180/cgibin/g:DocF=macro/5004/45/0.html

 Article from a Journal or Conference in an

Electronic Database - same as article in journal
or conference, followed by retrieval date and name
of database.
Kramer, J. F. (1999, December/2000, January).
Valuing accounting practices. The National Public
Accountant, 44(10), 32. Retrieved April 4, 2000,
from ABI/Inform Global via Proquest Direct.

Abstract of a Magazine/Journal Article

in an Electronic Database
Holmes, M. D. (1998). Perceptions of abusive
police practices in US-Mexico border community.
Social Science Journal, 35, 107-118. Abstract
retrieved April 4, 2000, from Criminal Justice
Abstracts via Silver Platter.

 Newspaper Article in an Electronic

Database - same as article in a newspaper,
followed by retrieval date and name of
database.
Henneberger, M. (1995, June 8). Republicans battle
party on arts funds. The New York Times, B6.
Retrieved April 4, 2000, from Lexis Nexis Academic
Universe/ General News.

Electronic Book in an Electronic Database

- same as book, followed by retrieval date and
name of database.
Gross, C. G. 1998. Brain, vision, memory: Tales in the
history of neuroscience. Cambridge, MA: MIT
Press. Retrieved January 19, 2004. from
netLibrary.

Item from a CD-ROM

Albatross. 1992. The Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd
ed. [CD-ROM]. Oxford: Oxford University Press.