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Training On Steam Turbine RBP
Training On Steam Turbine RBP
Training on Generator
Yambu
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
25/11/2015 Turbine Engineering Department
Bilfinger Power Systems Group
CONTENT
Operating principle
Group 1
Mechanical components
Group 2
Regulation system
Group 3
Protection system
Group 4
Maintenance
Group 5
page 2
page 4
page 5
The first law of thermodynamics or the law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed. It
describes the change of energy between forms (heat to work and work to heat) and allows for accounting for the transfer of
energy to and from a system and changes of energy within a system. One typical form of the first law is
Where =heat added to the system. =work done by the system to the surroundings. =increase in energy storage within the system.
-
A useful property for flow processes, such as in steam turbines, is the concept of enthalpy. Enthalpy per unit mass is defined as.
H*u + Pv
Where H* =enthalpy. u=internal energy per unit of mass. P=pressure. v=volume per unit mass.
In the case of an ideal flow system with no heat exchange with the
surroundings or change in potential or kinetic energy, the work done by the
system is the change in enthalpy between two states:
page 6
- Simply stated, the second law of thermodynamics is that not all of a given quantity of heat can be converted to useful work. The
second law of thermodynamics places strict limits on the available performance of any heat engine, including a steam turbine. For
example, one of the implications of the second law is that all real cycles must reject heat. The second law is typically discussed by
considering the entropy of a thermodynamic system. Entropy is defined as the quantity of heat added during a reversible process
divided by the absolute temperature at which the addition takes place:
(Reversible)
- The second law of thermodynamics is the postulate that the entropy of an isolated system cannot decrease:
0
- Processes that would decrease entropy are therefore not possible; processes that increase entropy are possible.
page 7
Process Representations
Process representations provide information
about key thermodynamic variables during a cycle.
Two valuable process representations for the
analysis of thermodynamic cycles in steam turbines
are the temperature entropy diagram and the
enthalpyentropy (Mollier) diagram
page 8
Stator
Rotor
Front and rear pedestals
Control Valves
Governor
Gland sealing
6
Bilfinger Power Systems Group
page 9
page 10
page 11
1.
2.
3.
4.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
page 12
1.
2.
3.
4.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Bottom bar
Top bar
Insulated caps
Bar connection
Radial support
Outer support ring
Plans wedge
Support ring wedge
Inner support ring
page 13
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Bottom bar
Top bar
Magnetic core
Bottom bar spacer
Inter-bars insulated wedge
Radial / closing wedge (dovetail)
Adjustment shims
Radial wedging
Ripple spring
Side wedging
page 14
page 15
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
page 16
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
page 17
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
9.
10.
11.
Shaft
Winding overhang
Axial rotor winding
Curved rotor winding
Radial jumper
Inter-turns connection
Tangential wedging
Axial wedging
Overhang wedge
page 18
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Bilfinger Power Systems Group
page 20
page 21
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
page 22
page 23
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
J.
K.
Casing
Inductor support
Inductor core (stacked plates)
Inductor winding
Inducer support
Inducer core
Inducer winding
Diodes
Connection to rotor winding
Air seals
page 24
1
2
page 26
1
2
5
6
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Journal bearing
Gaskets
Cover
Diaphragms
Oil seals
Jacking oil inlet
Lube oil inlet
page 27
page 28
Physical measurement
Electrical measurement
Operational instrumentation
On line
At standstill
page 29
page 30
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Resistance (RTD)
Sensor frame
Wiring
Measurement line
Compensation line
Connection
Grounding resistance
Discharge
Ground
page 31
page 32
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Thermocouple
Measurement line
Measurement line
Connection
Grounding
Grounding resistance
Discharge
page 33
page 34
Current transformer
Voltage transformer
Power transformer
Neutral transformer
Shunt
page 35
Current transformer
Voltage transformer
Power transformer
Neutral transformer
Shunt
page 36
page 37
page 38
page 39
page 40
page 41
page 42
page 43
page 44
page 45
page 46
page 47
Purpose
Avoid any generator improper operation coming from internal or
external fault
Definitions
External faults are generator problem caused by turbine or network
side malfunctioning
Internal faults are generator problem caused by internal problem as
stator earth fault
page 48
Self monitoring
page 49
MAINTENANCE : Introduction
SATISFY THE
REQUIREMENT OF THE
PRODUCTION
Target
INSURE A GOOD
MAINTENANCE OF THE
PRODUCTION TOOLS
II
III
SATISFY THE
REQUIREMENT OF THE
MANAGEMENT
SATISFY THE
REQUIREMENT OF THE
MAINTENANCE CREW
page 50
MAINTENANCE : Introduction
page 51
page 52
Checking of oil leaks on the bearing and/or gear box (ones per day)
Checking of abnormal noise in generator frame (ones per day)
Checking the shaft grounding brush/braid (ones per week)
If static exciter (brush system)
page 53
page 54
page 55
page 56
MAINTENANCE : Assessment
page 57
MAINTENANCE : Assessment
Winding resistance
page 58
MAINTENANCE : Assessment
page 59
MAINTENANCE : Assessment
page 60
MAINTENANCE : Assessment
age
Qualitative test, with partial discharge detection, power factor
calculation or leakage current record
Qualitative tests
page 61
MAINTENANCE : Assessment
age
1,7 : Coefficient of stress given between AC
test and DC test
Qualitative tests
Leakage current ramp test, with monitoring allowing to stop the test
in case of instability
Dielectric absorption test ( 2 x Un +1000) / 10
page 62
MAINTENANCE : Assessment
page 63
MAINTENANCE : Assessment
page 64
MAINTENANCE : Assessment
Liquid penetrant
Liquid penetrant inspection is done to detect microscopic surface cracks or
pitting
Ultra sonic
Ultra-sonic inspection is done to detect microscopic surface and subsurface
cracks
page 65
MAINTENANCE : Assessment
page 66
MAINTENANCE : Assessment
Concentric misalignment
Angular misalignment
page 67
MAINTENANCE : Assessment
page 68
Self monitoring
page 69