Batch 10

By:
Dimas Teguh A.
Pebri Ika Ndani
Yena Yuda F. R.

Dependence of Resistance Upon

Temperatur

Resistance
Resistance

is the opposition that a

substance offers to the flow of
electriccurrent. It is represented by
the uppercase letter R.
Unit of R is Ohm
()

Temperature
Temperature is a measurement of the
average kinetic energy of the
molecules in an object or system and
can be measured with a
thermometer or a calorimeter.

Look figures at page 42

Resistance of a wire increase with
rising temperature.
A smaller current is flowing at the
same voltage.
Resistance of the wire has
increased

 The hotter substance is, the faster is

the movement of the molecules
which comprise it

Large change
in
temperature

Large
change in
resistance
R ~ T

 Cold conductors are subtances which

conduct electricity better when they
are cold than when they are hot.
Super-conductivity is condition where
the resistance of substance is zero
because the temperature is 0 K

 Self-heating is heating of substance

which caused by flow current
External-heating is heating from
outside system

Large initial
resistance

Large change in
resestance

 The

temperature coefficient is the

change which takes place in the
resistance of a conductor of 1
initial resistance, when the
temperature changes by 1 K
Formula symbol
[] =

Temperature coefficients of various materials at initial

temperature of 20C
Materia Iron
ls
in

0,005

Materia Silver
ls
in

0,005

Tin

Lead

Zinc

0,0046

0,0042

0,004 0,004
2
Brass Constant
an

0,004

0,004
2

0,00045

Coppe Alumini
r
um
0,0046

0,0042

Gold

0,00004

Platinu
m

Carbon

Summary

The change in resistance is greater

the greater the initial resistance is,
the greater the change in temperature
is,
the higher the temperature coefficient
is.

 Hot conductor are substances which

conduct better when they are hot
than when they are cold.
The temperature coefficient are
negative

Cold conductor
Conduct better when
cold
Have positive
temperature
coefficients
Also called PTC
resistances
Temperature change
and resistance change
are in the same
direction

Hot conductor
Conduct better when
hot
Have negative
temperature
coefficients
Also called NTC
resistance
Temprature change
and resistance change
are in opposite
direction

 By combining PTC and NTC materials,

resistors with extremely small
temperature coefficients can be
obtained
The example is constantanCuNi45Mn1

Exercise

Take the case of a 1 k resistor made

of constantan. Working temperature
can rise up to 200C. How much is the
increase in resistance?

Answer

Thank You