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Torsion
Torsion
CHAPTER
MECHANICS OF
MATERIALS
Ferdinand P. Beer
E. Russell Johnston, Jr.
John T. DeWolf
Torsion
Lecture Notes:
J. Walt Oler
Texas Tech University
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Shaft Deformations
From observation, the angle of twist of the
shaft is proportional to the applied torque and
to the shaft length.
T
L
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Shearing Strain
Consider an interior section of the shaft. As a
torsional load is applied, an element on the
interior cylinder deforms into a rhombus.
Since the ends of the element remain planar,
the shear strain is equal to angle of twist.
It follows that
L or
and max
L
c
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
G max
c
max
c
J 12 c 4
T dA max 2 dA max J
c
c
J 12 c24 c14
Tc
T
and
J
J
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Normal Stresses
Elements with faces parallel and perpendicular
to the shaft axis are subjected to shear stresses
only. Normal stresses, shearing stresses or a
combination of both may be found for other
orientations.
Consider an element at 45o to the shaft axis,
F 2 max A0 cos 45 max A0 2
45o
F max A0 2
max
A
A0 2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Sample
SOLUTION:Problem 3.1
Cut sections through shafts AB and BC
and perform static equilibrium analysis
to find torque loadings
M x 0 6 kN m TAB
M x 0 6 kN m 14 kN m TBC
TAB 6 kN m TCD
TBC 20 kN m
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
4 4
c2 c1 0.060 4 0.045 4
2
2
13.92 10 6 m 4
max 2
TBC c2 20 kN m 0.060 m
J
13.92 10 6 m 4
max
Tc
Tc
J c4
2
min
45 mm
86.2 MPa 60 mm
6 kN m
c3
2
c 38.9 103 m
86.2 MPa
min c1
max c2
65MPa
d 2c 77.8 mm
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
c
L
max Tc
G
JG
TL
JG
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
TA L1 TB L2
0
J1G J 2G
LJ
TB 1 2 TA
L2 J1
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
M B 0 F 0.875 in. T0
rB B rCC
rC
2.45 in.
C
C
rB
0.875 in.
TCD 2.8 T0
B 2.8C
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
max
T 0.375 in.
TAB c
8000 psi 0
0.375 in. 4
J AB
2
T0 663 lb in.
max
TCD c
2.8 T0 0.5 in.
8000 psi
0.5 in. 4
J CD
2
T0 561lb in
A B A / B 8.26o 2.22o
T0 561lb in.
A 10.48o
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
P
P
2f
Tc
J
J 3
T
c
c 2
max
solid shafts
J
4 4
T
c2 c1
c2 2c2
max
hollow shafts