RESERVOIR GEOMECHANICS COUPLING

Supervisor: Pierre SAMIER

Armin DORGATHEN

RESERVOIR FLOW SIMULATION

-Geological Model (Seismic, Geophysics, Well Testing)

RESERVOIR FLOW SIMULATION

-Geological Model (Seismic, Geophysics, Well Testing)
-Petrophysics (Well Logging, Coring, Well Testing)

RESERVOIR FLOW SIMULATION

-Geological Model (Seismic, Geophysics, Well Testing)
-Petrophysics (Well Logging, Coring, Well Testing)
-Static Model
-Mathematic Simulation (Darcys Law, Material Balance)
-Simulation Model

RESERVOIR FLOW SIMULATION

-Reservoir History (Rate, Cum-rate, BHP, Pressure, etc)
-History Matching

RESERVOIR FLOW SIMULATION

-Reservoir History (Rate, Cum-rate, BHP, Pressure, etc)
-History Matching
-Forcasting
-3D View of flowing properties
-Well Planning and sensitivity analysis

GEOMECHANICS SIMULATION

-Overburden
-Petrophysics (Lab Tests)
-Model (Burden faces)
-Mathematic Simulation (Finite Elements)
-Strain and grid deformation

GEOMECHANICAL MODELING COUPLED WITH

FLOW MODELING, COMPARISON BETWEEN
VISAGE/ECLIPSE AND ABAQUS/ECLIPSE
COUPLING.
-Types of couplings (Sugar box covered reservoir )
-Grid Generation to create all the burden faces
-North Sea
-Africa
-Conclusion and Results

INTRODUCTION

The link between fluid flow and geomechanics modeling in some stress
sensitive reservoirs has been growing during the last years.
In conventional reservoir simulation the only geomechanical parameter involved is rock
compressibility, this parameter is not sufficient to represent rock behavior in response to stress
variation in sensitive reservoirs.
The importance of geomechanics in problems such as wellbore stability, hydraulic fracturing, and
subsidence is well known effects on pressure can damage the oil and gas production and
forecasting from the reservoir.
A modification of such parameters strongly affects the flow pattern in the reservoir, ultimate
recovery factor and the production rate, this could be a problem if we define economic limits or
compromise some daily production that could not be achieved or that has an over rate.

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COVERED SUGAR BOX RESERVOIR

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SUGAR BOX COVERED RESERVOIR

0
psi

Boundary condition fixed on the border

u=0
RESERVOIR

7 Regions (GRID WITH ECLIPSE)

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GEOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES

Young modulus

Biots Number

Poissons Ratio

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NEW ITERATIVE COUPLING

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Run Eclipse simulation

for n time step

Visage Modeler
(geomechanics
properties and regions)

Introduce pore pressures to the input

Visage file *.MII or *.inp Abaqus
Get the strain conditions from the
output file *.MIO or *.dat

Get the pressures from

eclipse file for all the
geomechanics steps

Run Visage or Abaqus

processor for all the
geomechanical time steps

Create the multpv.dat to couple with

Eclipse

Introduce the multpv.dat to the

Eclipse data file

Pressure
Converged

ITERATIVE COUPLING
COMPLETED
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ITERATIVE COUPLING
VISAGE/ECLIPSE

ABAQUS/ECLIPSE

2nd iteration

1st iteration

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2nd iteration

1st iteration

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ITERATIVE COUPLING COMPARISON

ABAQUS 3,512.97 psi
VISAGE 3,339.41 psi

Method

Coupling

Run
s

Iterations

Time per run

(s)

Total
time

Simplicity

Iterative

Visage/Eclipse

36

1512

YES

Iterative

Abaqus/Eclipse

139

973

YES

4.94 %

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ITERATIVE COUPLING COMPARISON

Method
Iterative

Geomechanics Iterative

Coupling
Visage/Eclipse

Runs
36

Iterations
7

Time per run (s)

6

Total time
1512

Simplicity
YES

Abaqus/Eclipse

139

973

YES

55 %

Flow
ABAQUS
VISAGE
Method
Iterative
Iterative

Coupling
Visage/Ecli
pse
Abaqus/Ecl
ipse

Run
s

Iteratio
ns

Time per
run (s)

Total
time

Simplicity

1.17

8.16

YES

0.74

5.18

YES

57 %
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CLASSICAL ITERATIVE EXPLICIT

COUPLING

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EXPLICIT COUPLING
Run Eclipse simulation
for time step k

Run Eclipse simulation

for time step k+1

Get the pressures from eclipse file

Get the pressures from eclipse file

Visage Modeler
(geomechanics
properties and regions)

Visage Modeler
(geomechanics
properties and regions)

Introduce pore pressures to the

input visage file .MII

Introduce pore pressures to the

input visage file .MII

Run Visage processor

Run Visage processor

Get the strain conditions from the

output file *.MIO

Get the strain conditions from the

output file *.MIO

Create the multpv.dat to couple with

Eclipse

Create the multpv.dat to couple with

Eclipse

Introduce the multpv.dat to the

Eclipse data file

Introduce the multpv.dat to the

Eclipse data file

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Run Eclipse simulation

for time step k+i

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EXPLICIT COUPLING VS. ITERATIVE COUPLING (VISAGE-ECLIPSE)

ITERATIVE
EXPLICIT

3,326.97 psi
3,339.41 psi

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0.38%

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COMPARISON TIME

GEOMECHANICS

ECLIPSE

Method

Coupling

Run
s

Iteration
s

Time per
run (s)

Total time

Simplicity

Explicit

Visage/Eclipse

36

108

NO

Iterative

Visage/Eclipse

36

1512

YES

Iterative Abaqus/Eclipse

139

913

YES

Time per
run (s)

Total time

Simplicity

Run
Iterations
s

Method

Coupling

Explicit

Visage/Eclipse

36

0.86

30.86

NO

Iterative

Visage/Eclipse

1.17

8.16

YES

Iterative Abaqus/Eclipse

0.74

5.18

YES

Abaqus tends to takes less time for geomechanical and flow simulation

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SUGAR BOX RESERVOIR

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SIMPLE SUGAR BOX RESERVOIR

geomechanics

Constant cr

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SIMPLE SUGAR BOX RESERVOIR

6000 psi

4000 psi

4000 psi

6000 psi

U=0

U=0

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FIELD CASE 1 RESERVOIR

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FIELD CASE 1 RESERVOIR

So
Natural Depletion

Sg

Water Injection

Sw

The Field case 1 is a

chalk
oil
saturated
reservoir located in the
north sea with a grid size
44 x 84 x 12 the
recovery is by water
injection
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GRID GENERATION VISAGE

Region
Region
Region
Region
Region
Region
Region
Region
Region

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Reservoir with porosity 0.30 0.45.

Reservoir with porosity < 0.3.
Overburden Pliocene
Overburden Lower Miocene
Overburden Middle Eocene
Overburden Paleocene
Sideburden left
Sideburden down
Underburden

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GRID GENERATION

IMPORT

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GRID GENERATION VISAGE

- Create

Regions
- Introduce geomechanical
properties

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GRID GENERATION VISAGE

GRID INCREASES TO 52 X 92 X 21
Number of elements 100,464 for geomechanics simulation

Export
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VISAGE/ECLIPSE COUPLING

1 2

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Geomechanic effects:
-Pressure increases
-Oil Production increases
-Gas production reduces
-Reservoir pore volume
reduces

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ABAQUS/ECLIPSE COUPLING

1st iteration

Geomechanic effects:
-Pressure increases
-Oil Production increases
-Gas production reduces
-Reservoir pore volume
reduces
2nd iteration
1st iteration

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VISAGE/ECLIPSE VS. ABAQUS/ECLIPSE

Visage
Abaqus

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COUPLING RUNNING TIME AND FILES

Geomechanical
modeler
Visage/Eclipse
Abaqus/Eclipse

*.MIO
*.PUN
*.TOM

Memory each
step Ko
295 067
73 755
198 082

Total

566 904

Visage File

Time steps
23
23
23

Time for each

iteration(s)
1699.76
2353.37

Total Memory
Ko
6 786 541
1 696 365
4 555 886
13 038 792

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Number of
iterations
4
5

Total Time (s)

6799.04
11766.85

*.dat
*.prt
*.odb
*.sim
*.sta

Memory each
step Ko
1 939 347
13 911
2 359 387
648
2

Total

4 313 295

Abaqus output

Iterations
(Files)
1
1
1
1
1

Total Memory
Ko
1 939 347
13 911
2 359 387
648
2
4 313 295

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FIELD CASE 1S PRODUCTION RATE AND GEOMECHANICAL

EFFECT VISAGE/ECLIPSE

DAYS
62
1005
2010
3015
5207
6027
7002
8026
9010
10320
16895

Oil
6779
56833.891
62777.391
70007.289
59558.188
70785.766
54804.383
15495.454
13044.366
9186.0801
8485.0596

Oil C
6779
56835.363
62777.391
70049.727
65326.781
75314.805
58903.531
18052.328
15421.486
11290.666
11100.296

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Gas
8418.6826
91674.734
114905.05
294661.19
210306.59
276853.53
244105.5
17876.432
12404.152
8420.9053
5718.418

Gas C
8418.6826
91416.297
108594.31
238946.27
216809.98
271035.28
249293.16
22062.51
14384.31
9852.7373
7673.5259

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FIELD CASE 1S TOTAL PRODUCTION

DAY
S

Water
Oil
C
1535.03 1535.03
32
51212
38
38
100 769792. 773437.
34074632
5
94
19
201
183381
193720
84365904
0
1.9
9
301
323458
345480
1.5310518
5
4.3
2.8
E+8
401
586885
598815
2.163992E
9
3
8.5
+8
502
885934
908396
2.6837475
3
3
9
E+8
602
135191
144758
3.3359606
7
05
20
E+8
700
223951
251819
3.9380746
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2
72
44
E+8

W 16%
O 7%

G -2.4%

Water

Oil C

Gas

Gas C

51212

67402.633

67402.633

34075212

51340596

51235600

1.301042E
+8
3.1404269
E+8
6.2534765
E+8
8.4478227
E+8
1.0910167
E+9
1.3376705
E+9

1.2771952
E+8
2.8823923
E+8
5.6395251
E+8
7.8750886
E+8
1.0314531
E+9
1.2847913
42
E+9

84367592
1.5315774
E+8
2.1721862
E+8
2.7322573
E+8
3.4339018
E+8
4.0830282
E+8

GAS CAP BEHAVIOR

30/sep/1982

01/jan/2002

01/jan/2006

01/jan/2020

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FIELD CASE 2 RESERVOIR

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FIELD 2

So

Sg

Sw
Is a Field onshore located in Africa, it is
reservoir with a gas cap, production is by
water flooding, and gas in situ. 203 X 252
X 81
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GRID GENERATION

Number of elements 4 772 820

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VISAGE/ECLIPSE AND ABAQUS/ECLIPSE

Abaqus crashed before giving any output file

VISAGE OUTPUT FILES PER

TIME STEP
*.MIO
*.TOM
*.PUN
*.GEO
TOTAL

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MEMORY in Kb
13 963 758
9 386 131
3 323 564
2 405 667
29 079 120

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CONCLUSIONS
-The forecast and pressure
changes with geomechanical
effects in stress sensitive
reservoirs.
-Iterative and Explicit coupling
are giving same results.
-Visage is easier to handle and
optional for each time step.
-Abaqus takes less memory
and time for geomechanical
modeling. However, not
capable to run for huge
models.

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THANK YOU

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