ELEMENTARY SURVEYING

LATITUDE AND DEPARTURE ; AREA BY DPD ; AREA BY DMD

CALCULATIONS

LATITUDES AND DEPARTURES

The latitude of a line is its projection on the north-south meridian and is
equal to the length of the line times the cosine of its bearing
The departure of a line is its projection meridian and is equal to the length
of the line times the sine of its bearing
The latitude is the y component of the line and the departure is the x
component of the line on the east-west .

CLOSURE OF LATITUDES AND DEPARTURES

Station

The algebraic sum of all latitudes must

equal zero or the difference in latitude
between the initial and final control
points
The algebraic sum of all departures
must equal zero or the difference in
departure between the initial and final
control points
CALCULATION OF LATITUDES AND
DEPARTURES

Bearing

Length

Latitude

Departure

N 26 10'E

285.1

+255.88

+125.72

S 75 25'E

610.25

-153.70

+590.78

C
S 15 30'W

720.48

-694.28

-192.54

D
N 1 42'W

203.00

+202.91

-6.02

N 53 06'W

647.02

+388.48

-517.41

-0.71

+0.73

Using bearings:
A
Misclosure

CALCULATION OF LATITUDES AND DEPARTURES

Using azimuths:
Station

Azimuth

Length

Latitude

Departure

26 10'

285.10

+255.88

+125.72

104 35'

610.45

-153.70

+590.78

195 30'

720.48

-694.28

-192.54

358 18'

203.00

+202.91

-6.02

306 54'

647.02

+388.48

-517.41

ADJUSTMENT OF LATITUDES AND DEPARTURES