HOLISTIC DEVELOPMENT

EMPHASIZING THE COMPLETE ASPECTS OF A PERSON OR HIS TOTALITY

TWO PHILOSOPHICAL THEORIES EXPLAINED HOLISTIC DEVELOPMENT

SUCH AS DUALISM AND HOLISM.

DUALISM
RENE DESCARTES, ONE OF THE MODERN PHILOSOPHERS OF OUR TIME,
INFLUENCED MUCH OF MANKINDS THINKING WITH HIS THEORY OF
DUALITY.

DUALISM IS DYNAMISM BETWEEN TWO FORCES IN NATURE, AND THAT

EACH FORCE IS PRESENT IN EACH OTHER AND WILL NEVER EXIST IN ITS
PUREST FORM.

HOLISM
CHRISTIAN VON EHREHFELS, MAX WERTHEIMER, KURT KOFFKA,

AND WOLFGANG KOHLER, INTRODUCED THE CONCEPT OF HOLISM

DEFINED AS SOMETHING THAT IS MADE OF MANY PARTS AND YET

IS SOMEHOW MORE THAN OR DIFFERENT FROM THE
COMBINATION OF ITS PART.

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PHYSIOLOGICAL
PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES INCLUDING THE
FIVE SENSES

COGNITIVE

THE INTELLECTUAL FUNCTIONS OF THE MIND:

THINKING, RESPONDING, REASONING, ANALYZING,
PROJECTING, SYNTHESIZING, RECALLING, AND
ASSESSING.

PSYCHOLOGICAL

HOW THINKING, FEELING, AND BEHAVING

INTERACT AND HAPPEN IN A PERSON

SOCIAL

THE MANNER BY WHICH AN INDIVIDUAL INTERACTS

WITH OTHER INDIVIDUALS OR GROUPS OF
INDIVIDUALS.

SPIRITUAL

THE ATTRIBUTE OF A PERSONS CONSCIOUSNESS

AND BELIEFS, INCLUDING THE VALUES AND VIRTUES

THAT GUIDE AND PUT MEANING INTO A PERSONS
LIFE

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EMOTIONS
TAKEN FROM THE LATIN VERB, MOVARE, WHICH MEANS TO
MOVE OR BE UPSET OR AGITATED. IT IS DEFINED BY SMITH
AS A DESCRIPTIVE TERM REFERRING TO VARIATION IN
LEVEL OF AROUSAL, AFFECTIVE STATE OR MOOD,
EXPRESSIVE MOVEMENTS, AND ATTITUDES.

IN A STATE OF STRONG EMOTIONS, THE PERSONS

PHYSICAL RESPONSE INCLUDE FASTER HEARTBEAT,
PROFUSE SWEATING AND DILATION OF EYE PUPILS,
HIGHER BLOOD PREASURE, AND MUSCULAR
TREMORS, AFFECTING THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IN
GENERAL

SIX BASICS EMOTIONS

HAPPINESS

SADNESS
FEAR
ANGER
SURPRISE
DISGUST

FEELINGS

ACCORDING TO DR. DAMASIO, FROM A NEURO-

SCIENTIFIC APPROACH, FEELINGS ARISES FROM THE

BRAIN AS IT INTERPRETS AN EMOTION, WHICH IS
USUALLY CAUSED BY PHYSICAL SENSATIONS
EXPERIENCED BY THE BODY AS A REACTION TO A CERTAIN
EXTERNAL STIMULUS.

AN EXAMPLE OF THIS WOULD BE THE EMOTION OF

BEING AFRAID, WHICH PRODUCES A FEELING OF
FEAR.