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W2 - Documenting Sources Within The Text
W2 - Documenting Sources Within The Text
W2 - Documenting Sources Within The Text
Documenting sources
within the text
Learning outcomes
By the end of this lesson students
should be able to:
Define
What is Plagiarism?
What is Plagiarism?
When
Give
Direct method
Copying
Ways of quoting
For a short quotation of less than 40
words, use a brief phrase as an
introduction to the quotation e.g.
Pennycook (1996,p.288) claims all
language learning is to some extent
a process of borrowing others
words.
or American Psychological
Association
Number reference system (IEEE)
Are frequently used in natural science,
social science and technical fields.
The conventions of the APA system
are:
Convention 1
When authors name begins a sentence,
place the date of the work in parentheses
immediately
after
the
documented
information e.g.
As Neville (2007) emphasizes, you should
cite all sources and present full details of
these in your list of references (p.36).
Adapted from : Wiggins, C. (2009) The University of York
Convention 2
When
Convention 3
When citing two or more authors within an
in-text citation, use an ampersand in the
parentheses e.g. (Burns & Sinfield,2002)
However, when mentioning the authors in
the text, use the word and e.g.
Burns and Seinfeld (2002) argue
Adapted from : Wiggins, C. (2009) The University of York
Convention 4
When citing two or more authors within
the text, use the full list of names the
first time e.g.
(White, Green, Brown, Grey, Black &
Pink, 2008)
Subsequently, use (White, et al.2008)
Adapted from : Wiggins, C. (2009) The University of York
Convention 5
When the same author and text is
referred to more than once in a
single paragraph, there is no need to
give the date for the second
reference.
Convention 6
When a direct quotation is used, give
the year and page/s numbers
immediately after the quotation
Convention 7
Two works by the same author published in the same
year are differentiated by a,b,c and cross-referenced
accordingly
e.g. In-text
(Carroll, 2007a)
References:
Carroll, J. (2007a) A handbook for deterring plagiarism
in higher education. Oxford Centre for Staff and
Learning Development: Oxford Brookes University
Carroll, J.
(2007b) .
Adapted from : Wiggins, C . (2009) The University of York
Convention 8
Two works by the same author
published in different years require
the year of publication for both
works e.g.
Carroll (2005, 2007) maintains.
Convention 9
When pulling together several sources to
support your argument, use one in-text
citation. List the names alphabetically as
they appear in the bibliography e.g.
As widely stated in the literature.
(Carroll,2002; Mallon, 1991;Neville,2007)
Adapted from : Wiggins, C . (2009) The University of York
Convention 10
When two authors have the same
family name include initials to avoid
confusion e.g.
Hyland,K. (2008) and Hyland,F.
(2007) reported
Convention 11
When there is an omission in a direct
quotation use an ellipsis (three spaced
periods) e.g.
Williams (2008) asks Is Persaud a
narcissist, in other words, or a man so
plagued by self-doubt that he doesnt obey
the rules of academia?He claims to have
been so busy he became confused (p.37).
Adapted from : Wiggins, C. (2009) The University of York
Convention 12
When there is an omission in a direct
quotation at the end of the sentence, use four
periods to close the quotation e.g.
Williams (2008) asks Is Persaud a narcissist,
in other words, or a man so plagued by selfdoubt ?....(p.37)
Numbered Reference
System
30
Example
An intelligent tutor is a form of
interactive instructional material that
trains a student in how to perform a
procedural task, and that tailors itself
to the students progress, Koedinger et
al. [5]. Intelligent tutors had proven
effective in teaching about humanities
[6], science [7], Math [8], Software
Engineering [9] and introductory
programming concepts, such as loops
is it necessary to
provide in-text citations?