Pre-Colombian America

Bering Strait is
between Russia and
Alaska, and is
where the first
Americans reached
the Western
Hemisphere. PreColumbians crossed
this when it froze
over during the Ice
Age to migrate to

Pre-Colombian Civilizations:
The Eastern Woodland and the
Muskhogean

Eastern Woodland

The multi-lingual, nomadic, farming

tribes that lived to the East of the
Mississippi River in small, selfgoverning, family-based clans that were
led by elders, selected by the governed
or eldest women.

Muskhogean
The tribes living in the
Southeast, such as the
Choctaw and Creek.

Pre-Colombian Civilizations:
Natchez, Algonquians and Iroquois

Natchez

mid-eastern tribe that developed a

agriculturally-based, war-like, stratified
society consisting of the Great Sun, his
Advisors, and the Stinkards, which
lasted until the Europeans invaded.

Algonquians
The tribes living around the St.
Lawrence River and the Chesapeake
Bay.

The Iroquois Confederation

The tribes living around the Hudson
River and the Great Lakes, who
identified as Seneca, Cayuga, Oneida,
Onondaga or Mohawk.

Pre-Colombian Civilizations:
Anasazi, Pueblo
Anasazi
The southwestern, farming
tribe that built cliffdwellings and irrigation
canals; however, it declined
following a drought during
the 1200s.

Pueblo
The southwestern, farming
tribe that built cliffdwellings, developed a
culture similar to that of
the Anasazi, and used
drought-resistant plants;
thus, it survived into the
1400s.

re-Colombian Civilizations: Aztec,

Maya and Inca
Aztec
ancient, Mexican empire that developed
Mexico City as Tenochtitln and a warlike
monarchy-aristocracy society, which
lasted from 1200 CE to 1519, when
Hernando Corts conquered it.

Maya
built temples and pyramids surrounding
broad plazas in the mountains, deserts,
and rain forests of what is now
Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, and the
Yucatan region of Mexico.

Inca
Around 1000 C.E. these people
successfully conquered neighboring
tribes and eventually controlled an area
more than 2,500 miles in length. By 1500
they were the largest and richest of all the
ancient empires of the Americas.

Early Colonization
Positives
The tribes
gained trade,
new foods,
literacy,
monotheistic
religion,
permanent
housing, and
horses.

Negatives
The tribes
lost land,
culture,
independenc
e, and died of
disease.

Warm Up:
Why would European powers want to
colonize foreign lands?
List 3 of our rituals and routines.

God, Glory and Gold

1. God
Convert natives

2. Glory

Adventure
Nationalism
Pride
Scientific exploration

3. Gold
Natural resources
(gold, spices, sugar,
tobacco)
New markets for trade

Columbian Exchange

The Columbian Exchange refers to a period of

cultural and biological exchanges between the
New and Old Worlds.
Exchanges of plants, animals, diseases and
technology transformed European and Native
American ways of life.
Beginning after Columbus' discovery in 1492 the
exchange lasted throughout the years of
expansion and discovery.
The Columbian Exchange impacted the social
and cultural makeup of both sides of the
Atlantic.

Encomienda (1512)

Theencomiendasystem was created by the Spanish to

control and regulate American Indian labor and behavior
during the colonization of the Americas.
Under theencomiendasystem, conquistadors and other
leaders (encomenderos) received grants of a number of
Indians, from whom they could exact tribute in the
form of gold or labor.
Theencomenderoswere supposed to protect and
Christianize the Indians granted to them, but they most
often used the system to effectively enslave the Indians
and take their lands.

Causation:
Students will construct a cause
and effect chart tracing the
causes and effects of European
exploration.
This will be part of the
interactive notebook

Closure
Word Wall Entry: Students will create
entries for the word wall which
include the word, a visual
representation and a description in
their own words
Early finisher: begin
readingBrinkley Chapter 1/ Pg 233 in preparation for the reading
comprehension quiz on Friday.

Warm Up: Rituals and Routines Quiz

What are 3 things you are expected to do
when you come in?
Where do you turn in work?
What is the hall pass protocol? (Where are
passes located? How many do you get per
9 weeks? When may you use a pass?)
Where is the daily instructional framework
agenda located?
Where can you find the seating chart?
What are 2 things you are expected to do
before you leave?

Conquistadores
a leader in the Spanish conquests of
America, Mexico, and Peru in the
16th century

Christopher
Columbus
Columbus was an Italian explorer commissioned by King
Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain to travel westward
on a travel route they hoped would take him to China for
trade in 1492
He mistakenly ended up in the Caribbean and is credited
with beginning European colonization in the New World
Though not the first to reach the Americas from Europe
(the Vikings had reached Canada many years earlier, led
by Leif Ericsson), Columbus' voyages led to general
European awareness of the hemisphere and the successful
establishment of European cultures in the New World.

Pizzaro

Despite the lack of a written language, the Incan

governmental system was well-organized when
Francisco Pizzaro and his brothers Juan, Gonzalo, and
Hernando arrived in 1532 with fewer than 200
soldiers.
These brothers conquered the Incas and executed
their king, Atahualpa. They then captured the capital
of Cuzco and looted its wealth of silver and gold.

Hernando Cortes
conquistador who took
down the Aztec empire by
infiltrating it, influencing
the monarch, Montezuma,
and having the people
turn against him, thus
dividing the empire in
1519.

Work Session
complete a chart comparing and
contrasting the success of various
explorers
This chart will also be a part of their
interactive notebooks.

Homework:
In preparation for the reading
comprehension quiz tomorrow,
students will complete the 5 "Recall
and Reflect" questions on page 34 in
the textbook.

European vs Native American Society

Warm Up
What are 2-3 things you want
us to review more before
your test tomorrow?

College Boards Tips for the AP DBQ

1. Read the question -- that is, the prompt -- three times.

2. Identify the task. State in your own words what you are
being asked to write.
3. Circle or underline the main words, especially words of
direction, such as "analyze," "explain," "compare and
contrast," "evaluate," and "to what extent."
4. Briefly list the main events of the historical time period
addressed. Use the acronym PERSIA to help you
categorize the political, economic, religious, social,
intellectual, and artistic aspects of the period. This is
outside information that may be included in the essay.
5. Read each document, noting the source or the title.
Briefly write the main point of each document.
6. If the prompt requires you to use the source or the title
when referring to the information in the document. Do
NOT use the word "document" in the narrative of your
essay. (Writing "Document A says," "Document B says,"
and so on results in a laundry list of documents instead of
an essay.) You may use the word "document" in