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    This document summarizes the philosophies of three important early Greek philosophers: Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Socrates believed that we contain all knowledge and that through questioning and reasoning we can be reminded of what we already know. Plato was a student of Socrates and wrote down his teachings. He believed in a higher world of forms and ideal governments led by philosopher kings. Aristotle was a student of Plato and founded his own school. He developed a system of classification and wrote on logic, psychology, and different forms of government.

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    This document summarizes the philosophies of three important early Greek philosophers: Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Socrates believed that we contain all knowledge and that through questioning and reasoning we can be reminded of what we already know. Plato was a student of Socrates and wrote down his teachings. He believed in a higher world of forms and ideal governments led by philosopher kings. Aristotle was a student of Plato and founded his own school. He developed a system of classification and wrote on logic, psychology, and different forms of government.

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    56 views12 pages

    Global I - Greek Philosophers

    Uploaded by

    Anonymous geq9k8oQyO
    This document summarizes the philosophies of three important early Greek philosophers: Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Socrates believed that we contain all knowledge and that through questioning and reasoning we can be reminded of what we already know. Plato was a student of Socrates and wrote down his teachings. He believed in a higher world of forms and ideal governments led by philosopher kings. Aristotle was a student of Plato and founded his own school. He developed a system of classification and wrote on logic, psychology, and different forms of government.

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    of 12

    Greek Philosophy

    Socrates, Plato, & Aristotle

    Philosophy
    Philosophy love of wisdom
    Early Greek philosophers were concerned
    with the development of logic and
    reasoning, and how divine forces worked

    Socrates (469-399 B.C.)

    The unexamined life is not worth living.

    Beliefs

    We contain all the knowledge of the world in our


    souls
    Reincarnation
    We lose touch with that knowledge after every
    rebirth

    We DO NOT learn new things, but are reminded of


    what we already know

    Socrates (469-399 B.C.)

    Beliefs
    Good is not good because the gods say so
    Good is measured by practical usefulness

    Dont need religious texts to tell us right from wrong

    Monotheistic
    Did not believe in the multitude of Greek gods &
    goddesses

    Anti-authority
    Wanted students to question society

    Socrates (469-399 B.C.)

    Legacy

    The Socratic Method


    Teaching by using question-and-answer format to
    lead pupils to understanding concepts through
    reasoning
    Let students learn for themselves
    Leads to modern school system

    Death

    Put on trial & convicted by an Athenian jury of


    corrupting the youth of Athens
    Forced to drink hemlock and commit suicide

    Plato (437?-347 BC)

    Dictatorship naturally arises out of democracy, and the


    most aggravated form of tyranny and slavery out of the
    most extreme liberty.

    Socrates student

    Wrote down all of Socrates beliefs

    Considered the greatest philosopher in


    Western Civilization

    Plato (437?-347 BC)

    Beliefs

    How do we know whats real?


    Earth is not real
    Must live in a rational state
    The higher world of eternity is real

    The Republic
    Does not trust democracy
    Offers his ideal state
    Philosopher kings driven by wisdom
    Warriors provide courage
    Peasants driven by desire, but would produce
    Argued against materialism

    Plato (437?-347 BC)

    Beliefs
    Men and women should be educated
    They should have equal access to all positions
    Three Levels of Pleasure

    Physical i.e. sex


    Sensual i.e. admiring beauty or enjoying relationship
    in marriage

    Ideal intellectual love; connecting with another mind


    No physicality to soil the relationship
    Platonic love

    Plato (437?-347 BC)

    Beliefs

    God is perfect
    We must strive to resemble God
    We move closer to God via reincarnation

    He created the world out of raw materials


    Sin is people being ignorant

    Do not punish, but reform sinners via education

    Aristotle (384-322 B.C.)


    The worst form of inequality is to try to
    make unequal things equal.
    Prized student of Plato
    Teacher of Alexander the Great
    Lyceum

    Built school of philosophy


    Beautiful grounds with covered walkways
    Traditional college campuses based on the
    Lyceum

    Aristotle (384-322 B.C.)

    Beliefs

    Three Souls
    Plant Soul essence of nutrition
    Animal Soul essence of pleasure, pain, & desire
    Human Soul essence of reasoning
    People learn through reasoning

    Three forms of government


    Monarchy
    Negative could turn into tyranny
    Aristocracy
    Negative could turn into an oligarchy
    Constitutional Monarchy
    Negative could turn into anarchy

    Aristotle (384-322 B.C.)

    Legacy

    System of Classification
    The ologies: biology, zoology, etc.
    Governments: democracies, oligarchies, tyrannies

    Inventor of modern logic

    pvq

    Wrote the first book on psychology

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