Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Solar For The Home-Installation & Maintenance-20161
Solar For The Home-Installation & Maintenance-20161
Solar For The Home-Installation & Maintenance-20161
pee,rmp,mepf,ma
0943 0616 215 / 0915 292 8668 / 0929 555 2508 / pldt mobile 73 69 159
Table of Contents
* Introduction/ Background
* Why We Need to Adopt Rooftop Solar ASAP
* Latest Estimated Costs for Rooftop Solar/Payback
* Advantages/ Disadvantages of Solar System
* On Grid/ Off Grid Systems/ Hybrid Systems
* Schematic/ Connection Diagrams
* Power & Energy Calculations
* Installation
* Maintenance
Optimum
Orientation of PV
Panels
In the Philippines, the
SOLAR ENERGY
The reduction in cost of PV panels within the 6-year period from 2009 to
2015 is over seven-fold!
Year 2009
2011
Price P76,000/ -
2013
-
2014
P14,000/
Feb 2015
P11,000/
Nov 2015
P10,500/
May 2016
P9,900/
The increasing demand for PV panels will bring down the cost lower and
Excess solar energy in the grid during daytime from rooftops can be
used to pump water to the upper basin; Reverse process is done at
night time to supply energy to the grid. This facility can double up as
a flood control infrastructure and supports irrigation systems.
ICE MAKING
ICE-CREAM MAKING
MEAT FOOD PROCESSING (W/ FREEZER)
LAUNDRY SERVICES
DC WELDING SHOP
ELECTRIC TRIKE TRANSPORT SERVICE
OTHERS
4. DISTRIBUTION
UTILITIES/ TOLLWAYS TO
LOWER THEIR CHARGES,
TOO.
5. THE COST PER KWHR
OF ELECTRICITY WILL
GO DOWN GRADUALLY.
6. MORE INVESTORS
Cost of
SCCs
Batt No.of
AH Batt
Cost of
Batt
Direct Cost
Eqpt
Install'n
Cost
Total
Cost
1,000.00
0.331
250
500 18,000.00
3,000.00
2,400.00
200
8,000.00
31,400.00
10,990.00
42,390.00
1,500.00
0.496
250
500 18,000.00
3,000.00
2,400.00
200
8,000.00
31,400.00
10,990.00
42,390.00
2,000.00
0.661
250
750 27,000.00
3,000.00
3,600.00
200
8,000.00
41,600.00
14,560.00
56,160.00
2,500.00
0.827
250
1000 36,000.00
3,000.00
4,800.00
200
8,000.00
51,800.00
15,540.00
67,340.00
3,000.00
0.992
250
1000 36,000.00
3,000.00
4,800.00
200
8,000.00
51,800.00
15,540.00
67,340.00
3,500.00
1.157
250
1250 45,000.00
1.5 3,800.00
6,000.00
200
8,000.00
62,800.00
18,840.00
81,640.00
4,000.00
1.323
250
1500 54,000.00
1.5 3,800.00
7,200.00
200
8,000.00
73,000.00
21,900.00
94,900.00
4,500.00
1.488
250
1500 54,000.00
1.5 3,800.00
7,200.00
200
8,000.00
73,000.00
21,900.00
94,900.00
5,000.00
1.653
250
1750 63,000.00
4,500.00
8,400.00
400
16,000.00
91,900.00
27,570.00
119,470.00
10
5,500.00
1.819
250
2000 72,000.00
4,500.00
9,600.00
400
16,000.00
102,100.00 30,630.00
132,730.00
11
6,000.00
1.984
250
2000 72,000.00
4,500.00
9,600.00
400
16,000.00
102,100.00 30,630.00
132,730.00
12
6,500.00
2.149
250
2250 81,000.00
7,000.00
10,800.00
600
24,000.00
122,800.00 36,840.00
159,640.00
13
7,000.00
2.315
10
250
2500 90,000.00
7,000.00
10
12,000.00
600
24,000.00
133,000.00 39,900.00
172,900.00
14
7,500.00
2.480
10
250
2500 90,000.00
7,000.00
10
12,000.00
600
24,000.00
133,000.00 39,900.00
172,900.00
15
8,000.00
2.646
11
250
2750 99,000.00
7,000.00
11
13,200.00
600
24,000.00
143,200.00 42,960.00
186,160.00
16
8,500.00
2.811
12
250
3000 108,000.00
7,000.00
12
14,400.00
600
24,000.00
153,400.00 46,020.00
199,420.00
17
9,000.00
2.976
12
250
3000 108,000.00
7,000.00
12
14,400.00
600
24,000.00
153,400.00 46,020.00
199,420.00
18
9,500.00
3.142
13
250
3250 117,000.00
9,000.00
13
15,600.00
800
32,000.00
173,600.00 52,080.00
225,680.00
19
10,000.00
3.307
14
250
3500 126,000.00
9,000.00
14
16,800.00
800
32,000.00
183,800.00 55,140.00
238,940.00
20
11,000.00
3.638
15
250
3750 135,000.00
9,000.00
15
18,000.00
800
32,000.00
194,000.00 58,200.00
252,200.00
21
12,000.00
3.968
16
250
4000 144,000.00
9,000.00
16
19,200.00
800
32,000.00
204,200.00 61,260.00
265,460.00
ESTIMATED PAYBACK OF
ROOFTOP SOLAR
Example: 6 x 250wp, 1.5kw Inverter,
SCCs, 200AH battery (Item 8)
Estimated Total Cost: PhP 94,900.00
Ave.Monthly Billing = PhP 4,500.00
Payback Period = _PhP 94,900.00___________
ON GRID
& OFF GRID
SOLAR SYSTEMS
power supply.
2. The incoming line must have SIMILAR FREQUENCY, i.e. 60 Hertz, as the
normal power supply.
3. The incoming line must have the SIMILAR PHASE SEQUENCE (or rotation)
i.e, (Phase A-B-C or C-B-A), as the normal power supply.
4. The incoming line must have SIMILAR PHASE ANGLE, i.e. zero phase, as the
normal power supply.
Note that requirement No.3 is only required for 3 phase power systems and not
applicable to single phase systems. For single phase Grid-Tie inverters, they have a
built in intelligence to parallel itself to the grid. Off Grid inverters have no capability
of automatic paralleling.
When 2 sources are in parallel, the source that has a slightly higher frequency
setting will deliver its power to the grid. Therefore, Grid Tie inverters are designed
as priority power sources. They have slightly higher frequency settings, i.e. 60.05 to
60.1Hertz or slightly higher.
From www.alibaba.com
UTILITY
From www.peakprosperity.com
SYSTEM:
1. SOLAR PV PANELS
2. SOLAR CHARGE CONTROLLER (90VR)
3. INVERTER
4. BATTERIES
5. BATTERY CHARGER
6. GENERATOR SET (OPTIONAL)
7. WIRINGS & CIRCUIT PROTECTIONS
8. TRANSFER SWITCH FOR OFF GRID TYPE/
9. TIE-IN BREAKER FOR ON GRID TYPE
SOLAR POWER
MEASUREMENTS
points
Watt (W) is a measure of Power
Unit rate of electrical energy
Ampere x Volt = Watt
1 Kilowatt (kW) = 1000 watts
Watt-hour (Wh) is a measure of electric energy or consumption
and production
Watts x hours = Watt-hours
1 Kilowatt-hour (kWh) = 1000 Wh
MEASURING
INSTRUMENTS..
Clamp-on meter
Digital multi-meter
SOLAR ENERGY
CALCULATIONS
& DESIGN
or
Amperes = Volts / Ohms
I = P / V or
Amperes = Watts / Volts
I = KVA * 1000 / V
I = KW * 1000 / V / PF
I = HP * 746 / V / PF / Effy
Where:
PF, power factor = 0.80 for motors;
= 1.0 for heater and resistive loads
Effy, efficiency of motors = 0.90
Max.Loading per Circuit Wire: 80% of Ampacity
Layout
of a 36250
Watts
Panel
9KW
Solar
Rooftop
SOLAR PV PANEL
CONNECTIONS
SOLAR CHARGE
CONTROLLERS
12/24 VOLTS DC
CONTROLLER
48 VOLTS DC
CONTROLLER
INVERTERS &
CONNECTIONS
ALTERNATING CURRENT
SIDE
Connecting an On-Grid or
Grid Tie Inverter
Grid Tie Inverters
Automatically Synchronize
Itself to the Utility Power
TIE IN POINT
Connecting an Off-Grid
Inverter with a Relay Switch
BATTERY
CHARGER &
CONNECTION
Connecting an AC Battery
Charger to an Off-Grid System
Small DC
Loads
Off Grid
Inverter
220V
AC
60Hz
220V
AC
Loads
POWER &
ENERGY
CALCULATIONS
36watts; One (1) celfone charging outlet, 2 x 10 watts, Six (6) LED lamps,
5watts each. What min.size of ON GRID solar system in watts is needed?
Design the wiring system.
1.1 Pref = 226/ 0.80pf = 282.5 watts
1.2 Pfan = 50 / 0.80pf = 62.5 watts
1.3 PTV = 36 watts
1.4 Pcc = 2 x 10 = 20 watts
1.5 PLED = 6 x 5 = 30 watts
1.6 Ptotal=282.5(1.25)+62.5+36+20+30= 501.625watts
1.7 Pdemand = 501.625 x 80% = 401.3 watts
1.8 Use: 2 x 250watts panels, or a total of 500 watts
1.9 Use: 1000watts inverter with 220volts, 1-ph, 60 Hz
30AT/2P CB
3.4 Number and Capacity of Charge Controller: 3 x 18.75amps =
56.25amps
Icc = 56.25 x 1.25 = 70.31amps
Use: 2 each 40amps controllers each for 3panels, for a total of 10
40amps controllers
batteries to inverter:
Use: 5 sets 2 3.5 sq.mm THHN; Over-all protection: 100AT/2P CB
3.6 For the size of wires to tie inverter to house main panel:
Iinv = 4000w / 220v = 18.18amps;
Iw = 18.18 x 1.25 = 22.72amps
Use: 2 3.5sq.mm THHN
Protection: 30AT/2P CB
STORAGE BATTERIES
STORAGE BATTERY CAPACITY
Ampere-hour (Ah) the stored energy capacity of a battery
indicated by the amount of combined load in amperes and
the length of time until it is fully discharged.
Quantity of electron flow
Used for battery sizing
Amps x hours = Amp-hours (Ah)
Amp-hours x Volts = Watt-hours (Wh)
A 200 Ah Battery delivering 1A will last 200 hours
200 Ah Battery delivering 10A will last 20 hours
200 Ah Battery delivering 100A will last 2 hours
100 Ah Battery x 12 V = 1200 Wh
USE OF BATTERIES
BATTERY BASICS
State of Charge (SOC)
Available battery
capacity
Depth of Discharge
(DOD)
Energy taken out of
the battery
Efficiency
Energy out/ Energy in
(typically 80-85%)
= 1500watts
3. No. of 250watts solar panels for day charging =
1500 / 250watts = 6 panels required for charging
4. No. of 250watts panel for 9-hour day operation =
900watts / 250watts = 3.6, say 4 panels
5. Overall total number of 250watts panels required =
6 + 4 = 10 panels minimum
BEST?
At present, the deep-cycle type, lead-acid batteries are the
(Maintenance-Free)
Deep-cycle VRLA batteries, which include AGM and gel
technologies, are designed to eliminate the need for water
addition and can be used and installed in any position.
They are engineered so that oxygen created by the positive
plates during charging can migrate to the negatives plate
where it is reduced to water, significantly reducing water
loss.
Consideration
The earlier factors are important but the most important
consideration is the cycle life of the battery. It is the
number of times of discharge/charge cycles the battery can
provide before its capacity drops to a specified percentage
of its rated capacity. Various makers may make batteries
with the same capacity, energy content and maybe similar
in weight, but the design, the materials, the process, and
quality influence how long the battery will cycle.
http://www.solar-electric.com/deep-cycle-battery-faq.html
SOLAR
INSTALLATIONS
installing PV systems?
(http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/)
(http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/)
TYPICAL MOUNTING
Optimum
Orientation of PV
Panels
In the Philippines, the
TYPICAL
MOUNTING
HARDWARES
TYPICAL MOUNTING
TYPICAL
MOUNTING
HARDWARES
- Using EMT Pipes
SOCOMEC
FOR DWELLINGS
SHOULD NOT
EXCEED 50 VOLTS!
2. ALL DC WIRINGS
BETWEEN SOLAR
PANELS AND
CHARGE
CONTROLLERS OR
BATTERIES OR
INVERTERS SHOULD
BE PROVIDED WITH
CIRCUIT BREAKERS
OR FUSES.
3. A SIMILAR PLAQUE
OR DIRECTORY BELOW
MUST BE PROVIDED!
THIS HOUSE IS
ALTERNATIVELY
SUPPLIED WITH
RENEWABLE/SOL
AR POWER. THE
MAIN
DISCONNECT IS
LOCATED AT THE
ROOFDECK.
MAINTENANCE
Maintenance of Batteries
1. Thoroughly clean all battery surfaces of dust and/or dirt
accumulations.
2. Clean and tighten all terminal connections. Remove any
corrosion on battery terminals with bicarbonate of soda.
3. Clean battery studs and cable ends.
4. On stranded cable, if ends are corroded, cut off ends or
separate strands and clean internally.
5. Check electrolyte levels and specific gravity. Variations
of more than fifty (50) points between cells may indicate a
bad cell.
Maintenance of Inverters
1.Thoroughly clean the top and side surfaces of solar
controllers and inverters of dust and/or dirt accumulations,
using vacuum cleaners.
2.Regularly check/monitor the DC input voltage reading and
the AC voltage output of the inverters.
3.Regularly check/ monitor the temperature of the inverters
by touching their heat sink and/or enclosure.
4.Check all DC and AC wirings and all circuit breaker
protections.
Asuncion, Victor,
Banayad, Chito
chilab2005@yahoo.com
Barrameda, Joel
Cabreza, Lito
tolitscc@yahoo.com
Calpotura, Karlo
Cericos, Reydemto P
Imelda ave cor Vista
Chua, Gerry
Cruz, Ricardo
Cruz,Timothy Joseph C.
Cuasay, Elmer C.
De Guzman, Mike
De Manuel, Leoncio,Jr;
Elecol Engineering
Evangelista, Jun M
ame_architects27@yahoo.com
Fajardo, Leo
Factor, Roselyn S.
Feliciano, Mick,
Ferrer, Jun
REE, dzune_1129@yahoo.com
0943 0616 215/ 0929 555 2508, Tel (02) 646 95 16, pldt mobile (02) 73 69 159
Guevarra, Elmer
ECE 019003, 470 Talipapa St. Caybiga Cal, 09499368567; (02) 7347345, guevarra.electronics@gmail.com
Ilustre, Wilchor,
Javier, Rollie
rjorgelopez43295@gmail.com
Malpaya, Junji,
09179783455, efrenmcaser@yahoo.com
Moctar, Cosarie M.
Nimis, Nestor,
nestor@presguam.com
Ole, Frederick
Pangilinan, Jerry
09177975357, jrpangilinan@globe.com.ph
REE, 09327188778
Peralta, Cornelio
peralta_cornelio@yahoo.com
Peralta, ruel,
Prilles, Nelson
nbprilles@yahoo.com
Roldan, Neil
Santiago, Laila
Sayson, Elmer
Sumayang, Joel M
joelsumayang@yahoo.com.ph QC
Vargas, Ariel M
arielmvargas@gmail.com
Villacorta, Benjie N
Northern Luzon
Abad, Jaime R
Binay-an, Julius
Manipon, Melanie,
Central Luzon
De Leon, Crisanto DA,
Laquindanum, Arnel P
Remegio, Joel E
Salamanca, Chrysler A,
REE 0028520/ RME 0023955, Poblacion Sur, Mayantoc, Tarlac, +63 919 570 7425
Ansay, Jaime U,
RME 0025898.Blk.26 lot 24 Amaia Scapes Laguna, Barandal Calamba, balatucanjr.abner@yahooo.com, 09296012402
Bandao, Mohamadzali G
Barlaan, Romeo D
110 dao st. 4c San Jose Village Binan, Laguna, romy_barlaan@yahoo.com, 09212412398
Corpuz, Arnel
Daraug, Jeffrey,
Daraug, Romulo M
Ducay, Mhon T
Opilla, Ernesto T
Pulanco,Ramil Nicodemus
RME 39243, rialmp2000@gmail.com, blk 61 lot 34 Palao Canlubang 4028 Calamba city, 09053384822
Recto, Precious
Safred, Donato,
Bicol Region
Barrameda, Joel
Bugtong, Jigger F
Elecol Engineering
Fajardo, Leo
Lorenzana,Mary Marlyn B.
Pahugot, Clifford
Caragos, Melmar
Gambuta, Martin C
Osano, Chris
Vias, Darwin
Bagamano, Ramil
Dalena, Neil S.
Farmers Drive, Gov Ramos Ave. Brgy. Sta Maria, Zamboanga City +63 917 555 8984
Madahan, Bienvenido C
Recto, Precious
Saavedra, Bobby