M.

Rizwan Khan
Roll No. 01

STATISTICAL
METHODS

PARAMETRIC STATISTICAL
INFERENCE

COMPARING ONE GROUP

Kinds of Research Questions
For the one-sample situation, the prime concern in
research is examining a measure of central tendency
(location) for the population of interest. The bestknown measures of location are the mean and median.
For a one-sample situation, we might want to know if
the
o average waiting time in a doctor's office is greater
than one hour, or if the
o average growth of roses is 4 inches or more with a
certain fertilizer, or
o is annual return is 10.2% for the banks that exercised
comprehensive planning.

One Sample t-test

One Sample t-test is used to compare one

group to a given standard on the basis of

Arithmetic Average (Mean).
The assumptions of the One-sample t-test
The data are continuous.
The data follow the Normal distribution.
The sample is a simple random sample from the
population.

One Sample t-test

What it does: The One-Sample T Test compares the mean score of a

sample to a known value. Usually, the known value is a population

mean.
Where to find it: Under the Analyze menu, choose Compare Means,
then One-Sample T Test. Move the dependent variable into the "Test
Variables" box. Type in the value you wish to compare your sample to
in the box called "Test Value."
Assumption:
-The dependent variable is normally distributed. You can check for
normal distribution with a Q-Q plot.
Hypotheses:
Null: There is no significant difference between the sample mean and
the population mean.
Alternate: There is a significant difference between the sample mean
and the population mean.
What is P-Value?
This is the probability that a value as extreme as XBar (i.e. XBar) is observed,

given that H0 is true. We reject H0 if the obtained P-Value is less than .

= 0.05

HYPOTHESES AND
FORMULAS
H 0 : 0 , H A : 0
H 0 : 0 , H A : 0
H 0 : 0 , H A : 0

X
s2
n
With

df n 1

HYPOTHESES TEST
Where is the sample mean, is a specified

value to be tested, s is the sample standard

deviation, and n is the size of the sample.
In practice, it is best to use t-distributions any
time the population standard deviation is not
known.
Values in the t-table are not actually listed by
sample size but by degrees of freedom (df). The
number of degrees of freedom for a problem
involving the t-distribution for sample size n is
simply n 1 for a one-sample mean problem.

EXAMPLE: A PRODUCTION-LINE
PROBLEM
A manufacturer of high-performance automobiles
produces disc brakes that must measure 322
millimeters in diameter. Quality control manager
randomly selects 128 discs and measures their
diameters.
We can use One Sample T Test to determine
whether or not the mean diameters of the brakes
in sample significantly differ from 322 millimeters.
C:\Program
Files\IBM\SPSS\Statistics\20\Samples\English\brakes.sav

EXAMPLE: A PRODUCTION-LINE
PROBLEM (Cont) Without Splitting
Data

To begin the one-samplettest, from the menus

choose:
Analyze > Compare Means > One-Sample T Test...
SelectDisc Brake Diameter (mm)as the test variable.
Type322as the test value.

EXAMPLE: A PRODUCTION-LINE
PROBLEM (Cont) Without Splitting
Data

One-Sample Statistics

Disc Brake Diameter (mm)

Mean

Std. Deviation

Std. Error Mean

128

322.002009

.0108224

.0009566

Disc Brake Diameter (mm)

One-Sample Test
Test Value = 322
df
Sig. (2Mean
90% Confidence Interval
tailed)
Difference
of the Difference
Lower
Upper

2.10
127
1

.038

.0020094

.000424

.003594

= (322 0.000424 , 322+

0.003594)
= (322 0.000 , 322 + 0.004)
= (322.000 , 322.004)

P Value (Sig. (2-tailed)) = 0.038 which is less than Alpha(level of

significance) = 0.10; indicates, Reject Ho means that on average the
diameter of the disk brake is not 322.

References
www.wellesley.edu/Psychology/Psych205/

onettest.html
http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/OneSample-t-test.topicArticleId-267532,articleId267511.html