PsychologicalDevelopment

PRESENTED BY: PRESCILLA L.

ALVARICO

DefinitionofPsychologicalDevelopment
The pattern of movement or change that begins at
conceptionandcontinuesthroughthehumanlifespan
The development of human beings' cognitive,
emotional, intellectual, and social capabilities and
functioning over the course of the life span, from
infancy through old age.

Assumptionsinfluencepractices

OriginalSinchildrenwereperceivedasbeing
basicallybad,bornintotheworldasevilbeings.
TabulaRasachildrenarelikeablanktablet,and
acquiretheircharacteristicsthroughexperience.
InnateGoodnesschildrenareinherentlygood.

Wheredoourassumptionscomefrom?

Tradition

Personalexperience

Experts

Research

History:
Aristotle(384322BCE)

YoungMen:Youngmenhavestrongpassions,and
tendtogratifythemindiscriminately
ElderlyMen:Theyarecynicalsmallminded,
cowardly,andarealwaysanticipatingdangerthey
lovelife;andallthemorewhentheirlastdayhascome

Menintheirprime:allthevaluablequalitiesthat
youthandagedividebetweenthemareunitedinthe
primeoflife..thebodyisinitsprimefromthirtyto
fiveandthirty;themindaboutfortynine

DevelopmentisLifelong

Noageperioddominatesdevelopment.
Researchersincreasinglystudytheexperiences
andpsychologicalorientationsofadultsat
differentpointsintheirdevelopment.

DevelopmentisMultidimensional

Therearebiological
dimensions.

Therearecognitive
dimensions.

Thereare
socioemotional
dimensions.

DevelopmentisMultidirectional

Somedimensionsorcomponents
ofadimensionincreasein
growth.

Somedimensionsorcomponents
ofadimensiondecreasein
growth.

DevelopmentisPlastic

Plasticityinvolvesthedegreetowhichcharacteristics
changeorremainstable.

DevelopmentisContextual

Normativeagegraded
influences

Normativehistorygraded
influences

Nonnormativelifeevents

DevelopmentisStudiedbyaNumberofDisciplines

Psychologists
Sociologists
Anthropologists
Neuroscientists
MedicalResearchers

BiologicalProcesses

Involvechangesintheindividualsphysicalnature
suchas:
Heightandweightgains
Thedevelopmentofthebrain
Cardiovasculardecline

CognitiveProcesses

Involvechangesintheindividualsthought,
intelligence,andlanguagesuchas:
Memorizingapoem
Imaginingbeingamoviestar

SocioemotionalProcesses

Involvechangesintheindividualsrelationships
withotherpeople,changesinemotions,and
changesinpersonalitysuchas:
Aninfantsmilingfromhermotherstouch
Ayoungboyhittingaplaymate
Agirlsjoyatherseniorprom
Theaffectionofan
elderlycouple

PeriodsofDevelopment

Theprenatalperiod
Infancy
Earlychildhood
Middleandlatechildhood
Adolescence
Earlyadulthood
Middleadulthood
Lateadulthood

ThePrenatalPeriod

Thetimefromconceptiontobirth
Fromasinglecelltoanorganismcompletewith
abrainandbehavioralcapabilities
Approximatelya9month
period

Infancy

Thedevelopmentalperiodfrombirthto18or24
months
Atimeofextremedependencyonadults
Manypsychologicalactivitiesarejustbeginning

EarlyChildhood

Thedevelopmentalperiodextendingfromtheend
ofinfancytoabout5or6years
Oftencalledthepreschoolyears
Childrenlearntobecomemoreselfsufficient
Childrennowdevelopschoolreadinessskills
Childrenspendmanyhoursplayingwithpeers

MiddleandLateChildhood

Thedevelopmentalperiodextendingfromabout6to11
yearsofage
Approximatelycorrespondstotheelementaryschool
years
Fundamentalskillsofreading,writing,andarithmetic
aremastered
Childisformallyexposedtolargerworldandits
culture

Adolescence

Thedevelopmentalperiodoftransitionfromchildhoodtoearly
adulthoodenteredat1012years,endingat1822years
Beginswithrapidphysicalchanges.
Pursuitofindependenceandidentityareprominent
Thoughtisnowmorelogical,abstract,andidealistic

EarlyAdulthood

Thedevelopmentalperiodbeginninginthelateteensor
earlytwentiesandlastingthroughthethirties
Atimeofestablishingpersonalandeconomic
independence
Alsoatimeofcareerdevelopment
Earlyadultsselectamate,startafamily,andrear
children

MiddleAdulthood

Thedevelopmentalperiodbeginningaround40yearsofageand
extendingtoabout60
Atimeofexpandingpersonalandsocialinvolvementand
responsibility
Alsoatimeofassistingthenextgenerationinbecomingcompetent
Middleadultsreachandmaintainsatisfactioninacareer

LateAdulthood

Thedevelopmentalperiodbeginninginthe
sixtiesorseventiesandlastinguntildeath
Atimeofadjustmenttodecreasingstrengthand
health
Alsoatimeoflifereview,retirement,andnew
socialroles

AgeGroupsinLateAdulthood

TheYoungOld,orOldAge(6574yearsofage)
TheOldOld,orLateOldAge(75yearsandolder)
TheOldestOld(85yearsandolder)

AgeandHappiness

Noparticularagegroupsaystheyarehappierormore
satisfiedthananyotheragegroup.

ConceptionsofAge

ChronologicalAge
BiologicalAge
PsychologicalAge
SocialAge

ChronologicalAge

Thenumberofyearsthathaveelapsedsinceapersons
birth

BiologicalAge

Apersonsageintermsofbiologicalhealth

PsychologicalAge

Anindividualsadaptivecapacitiescomparedtothose
ofotherindividualsofthesamechronologicalage

SocialAge

Referstosocialrolesandexpectationsrelatedtoa
personsage