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GPON Fundamentals
GPON Fundamentals
GPON Fundamentals
www.huawei.com
Huawei Confidential
Contents
Basic Concepts of PON
Overview of Optical Access Network
Analysis of GPON Standards
GPON Key Technologies
GPON Management and Service Provisioning
Basic Services over GPON Network
Huawei Confidential
Page 2
Huawei Confidential
Page 3
What is PON?
Passive Optical Network
Passive Optical
Splitter
ONU
ONU
PSTN
Internet
OLT
Passive Optical
Splitter
ONU
Optical Network Unit
CATV
Huawei Confidential
Page 4
Why GPON?
<1Mbps
Access
Technology
Coverage
diameter
Service
requirement
s
8M
3M
25M
100M
ADSL/ADSL2+
VDSL / ADSL2+
PON
Copper Based
Copper Based
Fiber Based
<3km
<2km
2002
~5km
<1km
VoD
HDTV
Game
Internet
Video conferencing
Remote control
2003
BD
Live TV
VoD
HDTV
2006
2010
Time
Huawei Confidential
Page 5
Concepts
APON: ATM Passive Optical Networks
EPON: Ethernet Passive Optical Networks
GE-PON: Giga-bit Ethernet Passive Optical Networks
GPON: Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Networks
Huawei Confidential
Page 6
1490nm
1310nm
To separate upstream/downstream signals of multiple users over a single fibre, GPON adopts
two multiplexing mechanism:
Huawei Confidential
Page 7
Broadcast mode
Huawei Confidential
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TDMA mode
Huawei Confidential
Page 9
EPON
Standard
ITU.T
IEEE
Rate
2.488G/1.244G
1.25G/1.25G
Split ration
1:64~1:128
1:16~1:32
GEM/ATM
Ethernet
Broadband efficiency
92%
72%
Line encoding
NRZ
8B/10B
Power budget
Class A/B/C
Px10/Px20
Ranging
RTT
by adjusting EqD
DBA
Standard format
Defined by vendors
TDM support
CESoP / Native
CESoP
ONT interconnectivity
OMCI
None
OAM
powerful
Application mode
Multi-service/ FTTx
Maturity
Choice of carriers
Carriers
Enterprise Intranet
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CO
BA
DSLAM
xDSL 2~20Mbps
ODN
2.5Gbps Down /1.25Gbps Up
FTTC
OLT
3.5-5km
Remote Business
Curb
m
250-700 ge
overa
Urban C
MDU
Multi-Dwelling Unit
2.5Gbps Down /1.25Gbps Up
FTTB
OLT
ONU
Optical Networks Unit
2.5Gbps Down /1.25Gbps Up
FTTH
OLT
ONT
Optical Networks Termination
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GPON Standards
ITU-T G.984.2
ITU-T G.984.1
ITU-T G-984.1/2/3/4
ITU-T G.984.3
Specifications of TC layer in the GPON system
GTC multiplexing architecture and protocol
stack
GTC frame
ONU registration and activation
DBA specifications
Alarms and performance
ITU-T G.984.4
OMCI message format
OMCI device management frame
OMCI working principle
Huawei Confidential
Page 15
R/S
ODN
S/R
SNI
OLT
ONU/ONT
T reference point IFpon
WDM
NE
WDM
Optical
splitter
ONU
ONT
ODN
OLT
WDM
NE
Network Element
SNI
UNI
Huawei Confidential
IFpon
Service node
V reference point
NE
Page 16
Huawei Confidential
Page 17
OLT
IFpon
Protected area
Secondary fibre
No backup on devices.
IFpon
ONU#N
IFpon
ONU#1
OLT
IFpon
IFpon
2 N optical splitter
IFpon
Protected area
ONU#N
Type B OLT interface backup
IFpon
Huawei Confidential
Page 18
ONU#1
2 N optical splitter
OLT
IFpon
IFpon
IFpon
IFpon
Whole-network protection
2 N optical
splitter
ONU#N
IFpon
IFpon
Type C All-backup
utilization.
Huawei Confidential
Page 19
It supports using
mixed ONUs in the
network: ONUs either
with a single PON port
or with two PON ports
can be used. Users
can select them based
on the actual needs.
It is complex to realize
it and not cost-
ONU#1
OLT
IFpon
IFpon
1 2 optical
splitter
2 N optical
splitter
IFpon
IFpon
Protected
area of ONUs
Whole-network
protection
with a single port
1 2 optical
splitter
2 N optical
splitter
ONU#
N
IFpon
effective.
Huawei Confidential
Page 20
T-CONT
T-CONT
OLT
Port
Port
Port
ONT
GEM Port
GEM Port
T-CONT
Port
Port
T-CONT
IFpon
ONU-ID
identifies
ONUs
O
N
U
T-CONT
O
N
U
T-CONT
Port
Port
Port
Alloc-IDs identifies
T-CONTs
Port-ID
identifies GEM
ports
Huawei Confidential
Page 21
PON interface
function
PON TC
function
Service Shell
Service
adaptation
Cross
Connection
function
PON interface
function
PON TC
function
Service
adaptation
PON core shell consists of two parts: PON interface function and PON TC function. PON TC
function includes framing, media access control, OAM, DBA, and delineation of Protocol Data
Unit (PDU) for the cross connect function, and ONU management.
The Cross-connect shell provides a communication path between the PON core
shell and the Service shell, as well as cross-connect functionality.
Service Shell provides translation between service interfaces and TC frame
interface of the PON section.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Page 22
Service Shell
Service
adaptation
PON interface
function
PON TC
function
MUX/
DEMUX
PON interface
function
PON TC
function
Service
adaptation
The functional building blocks of the G-PON ONU are mostly similar to the
functional building blocks of the OLT. Since the ONU operates with only a single
PON Interface (or maximum 2 interfaces for protection purposes), the crossconnect function can be omitted. However, instead of this function, service MUX
and DMUX function is specified to handle traffic.
Huawei Confidential
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Ple
ase re
fer to
the re
marks
Payload
Upstream
Bandwidth Map
ONT1
AllocID
Start
End
AllocID
Start
End
100
200
300
500
OLT
T-CONT1
(ONT 1)
T-CONT 2
(ONT 2)
Slot
Slot
Slot
Slot
100
200
300
500
ONT64
Huawei Confidential
Page 24
Ple
ase re
fer to
the re
marks
Upstream Framing
PLI Port ID PTI
HEC
GEM
Frame
GEM
header fragment header
DBA Report
Full
frame
GEM
header
Frame
fragment
Pad if needed
ONT A
ONT B
DBA
CRC
1,2,4bytes 1 bytes
Msg ID
1 bytes
Message
10 bytes
Huawei Confidential
CRC
1 bytes
Page 25
Ple
ase re
fer to
the re
marks
125us
PCBd
n
Psync
4 bytes
Payload
n
PCBd
n+1
Payload
n
Ident
Reserved BIP
Plend
4 bytes 13 bytes 1 bytes 4 bytes
Plend
4 bytes
US BW Map
N*8 bytes
Access 1 Access 2
8 bytes
8 bytes
Alloc ID
12 bits
Flags
12 bits
SStart
2 bytes
..
SStop
2 bytes
Access n
8 bytes
CRC
1 byte
Huawei Confidential
Page 26
GEM Frame
PLI
Port ID
PTI
HEC
TDM
TDM data
Payload
TDM fragment
TDM frames are buffered and queued as they arrive, then TDM data is multiplexed
Huawei Confidential
Page 27
GEM Frame
PLI
Port ID
Preamble
SFD
5 bytes
PTI
CRC
DA
SA
Length\Type
GEM
Payload
GPON system resolves Ethernet frames and then directly maps the data of frames
Huawei Confidential
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1# ONU
1# ONU
0# ONT
0# ONT
Data recovered
0# ONU
1# ONU
0# ONT
Threshold line
Huawei Confidential
Page 30
ONU2
Assigned EqD
Pre-Assigned
EqD
ONU3
Desired Reception
of SN Response
U/S BW Map
containing
Ranging Request
Desired Start of
U/S Frame
ONU
Pre-Assigned
Response
EqD
Sstart
Time
Actual Reception
of S/N Resonse
OLT
ONU in
Ranging
state
ONU1
Sstart
Huawei Confidential
Page 31
DBA
What is DBA?
--- DBA, Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment
--- DBA is a scheme facilitating dynamic bandwidth assignment at an interval of ns and us.
Why DBA?
--- It enhances the uplink bandwidth utilization of PON ports.
--- More users can be added on a PON port.
--- Users can enjoy higher-bandwidth services, especially those requiring comparatively
greater change in terms of the bandwidth.
Huawei Confidential
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Based on service priorities, the system sets SLA for each ONU, restricting service bandwidth.
The maximum bandwidth and the minimum bandwidth pose limits to the bandwidth of each ONU,
ensuring various bandwidth for services of different priorities. In general, voice service enjoys the
highest, then video service and data service the lowest in terms of service priority.
OLT grants bandwidth based on services, SLA and the actual condition of the ONU. Services of
higher priority enjoy higher bandwidth.
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Type1 T-CONT is of the fixed bandwidth type and mainly used for services sensitive to delay and
services of higher priorities, such as voice services.
Type2 and type3 T-CONT is of the guaranteed bandwidth type and mainly used for video services
and data services of higher priorities.
Type4 is of the best-effort type and mainly used for data services (such as Internet and email), and
services of lower priorities. These services do not require high bandwidth.
Type5 is of the mixed T-CONT type, involving all bandwidth types and bearing all services.
Huawei Confidential
Page 35
In mode (a), services are mapped into different T-CONT queues, and then ONU schedules and
outputs the data
waiting
In mode (b), all services are mapped into type5 queues, and type5 contains four types of subqueues. Then, ONU ONU schedules and outputs the data waiting in queues based on the OLT
grants.
Huawei Confidential
Page 36
ONU
DBA report
DBA algorithm
logic
Control
platform
BW Map
Data
platform
T-CONT
T-CONT
Time slot
Scheduler
T-CONT
DBA block in the OLT constantly collects information from DBA reports, and sends the algorithm
result in the form of BW Map to ONUs .
Based on the BW Map, each ONU sends upstream burst data on time slots specified to themselves
and utilizes the upstream bandwidth.
Huawei Confidential
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OLT
D/S Direction
PCBd
ONT
US BW
Map
Payload
U/S Direction
Data
Report
Huawei Confidential
Page 38
NSR-DBA Operation
NSR (Non Status Reporting)-DBA
NSR is an algorithm scheme that realizes DBA. It helps to predict the bandwidth
allocated to each ONU based on the traffic from ONUs.
Procedure:
Step1: Monitor the number of cells received by OLT within the specified
interval.
Step2: Use the result of real time monitoring in step 1 to calculate the
utilization rate.
Step3: Recognize the congestion status by comparing the utilization rate
with the specified limits.
D
Dj
Di
t
Huawei Confidential
Page 39
GPON
DATA
Traffic-flow
Service
Scheduling
differentia
And buffer
based on
control
802.1p
Traffic-flow
Service
Scheduling
differentia
And buffer
based on
control
802.1p
TDM
OLT
GEM Port-id
Splitter
VOIP
VOD
DATA
GPON
TDM
Service scheduling based on the combination of strict priority (SP) and Weighted
Round Robin (WRR) algorithms.
Service transmission based on service mapping with different T-CONTs, enhancing line
utilization and reliability.
Huawei Confidential
Page 40
802.1p
Ethernet
VOIP
BTV
GE/10GE
DATA
BSR
COS
bridging
TDM
Nonblocking
Queuing &
scheduling
GPON
DBA
GPON
switching
OLT
Upstream service
traffic based on
different VLANs
TDM Gateway
PSTN
Huawei Confidential
Page 41
OLT
1 3 2
1 3 1
Encryption
1 3 2
ONT
End User
11
1 End User
Decryption
1 3 1
EndUser
User
End
22
ONT
Decryption
3
ONT
EndUser
User
End
33
Decryption
of the line.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Page 42
FEC
9720 T Ss
D a ta b y te s o f
c o d e w o rd # 1
D a ta b y te s o f
c o d e w o rd # 2
D a ta b y te s o f
c o d e w o rd # 3
PC Bd
D a ta b y te s o f
c o d e w o rd # 4
D a ta b y te s o f
c o d e w o rd # 5
D a ta b y te s
D a ta
b y te s
P a rity
D a ta b y te s
P a r ity
D a ta b y te s
S h o rt
c o d e w o rd
C o d ew o rd
P a r ity
D a ta b y te s
C o d ew o rd
P a r ity
D a ta b y te s
C o d ew o rd
P a r ity
D a ta
b y te s
C o d ew o rd
P a r ity
PCBd
C o d ew o rd
P a rity
C o d ew o rd
D a ta b y te s o f
c o d e w o rd # 6
P a y lo a d (D a ta b y te s )
9108 T Ss
Huawei Confidential
Page 43
Input
1:2 optical
splitter
Output
10 log(0.5) = - 3.01
Output
Input
2:N optical
splitter
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Huawei Confidential
Page 44
as fibre bending
Class B
Class B
Class C
Minimum loss
5 dB
10 dB
13 dB
15 dB
Maximum loss
20 dB
25 dB
28 dB
30 dB
NOTE The requirements of a particular class may be more stringent for one
system type than for another, e.g. the class C attenuation range is
inherently more stringent for TCM systems due to the use of a
1:2 splitter/combiner at each side of the ODN, each having a loss of about 3
dB.
Huawei Confidential
Page 45
Unit
Single fibre
OLT:
OLT
dBm
+1.5
dBm
Minimum sensitivity
dBm
-28
Minimum overload
dBm
-8
dB
0.5
ONU
dBm
0.5
dBm
Minimum sensitivity
dBm
-27
Minimum overload
dBm
-8
dB
0.5
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Huawei Confidential
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ACS
Client
SNMP
TR069
OMCI
ONT
Zero configuration
BRAS
OLT
Huawei Confidential
Page 49
Application scenario
1
Order Management
CRM
Service Provisioning
Billing
NMS 2000
3 Send terminals to users
1
User
STB
Access Network
2
ONT
ONT
Start up ONT and make registration with serial number
Huawei Confidential
ONT
ONT
Page 50
CRM
Service Provisioning
Generating
activation code
4
Activation code generator
IADMS
Billing
UMS
3 Configure IADMS
2 Configure SoftX
7
Send activation code and terminal to users
Configure terminals automaticallythroughTR069
SoftX3000
Access Network
6 Input activation code
ONT
User
Phone
ONT
Phone
Huawei Confidential
Phone
Page 51
Phone
Daily management
Terminal activation
Service provisioning
Huawei Confidential
Page 52
TL1/CORBA
/API
SFU
IPTV
Notification
Carriers OSS
VoD Server
Middle
ware
NMS
Phone
L
VDS
CPE
Ethernet
IP Core
MDU
Splitter
PC
MSE
OLT
BRAS
SBU
Phone
Intern
et
AAA Server
Softswitch
Base station
CBU
FE
E1
IP
Voice
CPE
ODN
NSP
Huawei Confidential
ASP/ISP
Page 53
CESoP mode
Native mode
E1/T1
ONT
With fixed
upstream/downstream
frame structure, periodic
multiframes are
transmitted in GPON
ODN
PSTN
first-born advantage.
BUSINESS
OLT
ONT
ONT
FE
LE
E1/T1
PBX
E1/T1
Splitter
Huawei Confidential
Page 54
Video
1550nm
Customer
Central
Voice/Data
Office
Downstream
1490nm
OLT
(Optical Line Terminal)
Premises
Voice/Data& Video
Optical
Couplers
WDM
1490/1310nm 1550n
m
ONU
(Optical Network Terminal)
Upstream 1490nm
Optical Splitter
Video
Upstream
Downstream
1310nm
1490nm
1550nm
Video
42Mhz
Analog TV
550Mhz
Digital TV
Huawei Confidential
RF
860Mhz
HD/VOD
Page 55
IP
Thank You
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