Pitting Corrosion

Pitting & Crevice Corrosion

Grinding debris from
work carried above a
tube run that has
initiated Pitting
Corrosion on Duplex
material..

Pitting & Crevice Corrosion

Note the Crevice
Corrosion on this
2507 material at the
back of the fitting &
on the tube.

Crevice Corrosion Under Clamps

Pitting & Crevice Corrosion

316 Metal on metal
not
a good idea. Note the
2 points of Crevice
Corrosion where the
clamp makes contact
with the tube

316 Stainless Steel Time to

Failure
316 Stainless tube failed after 2 years on a
new Tug Boat Malcolm Parratt, New Build
Superintendent, Swire Offshore.
The 316 Stainless Steel tube failed on the
Bonga FPSO after 18 months in service
Yemi Okeremi, Senior corrosion Engineer at
Shell.

316 Stainless Steel Time to

Failure
In the past 3 years alone, dozens of in-service tubing failures in
small-bore 316L SS tubing have been reported on most BPoperated GoM deep-water installations. The vast majority of these
incidents are attributed to external corrosion, the cause of which is
due to the susceptibility of 300-series austenitic stainless steels to
crevice and pitting corrosion in marine atmospheric environments.
Other BP locations (e.g., North Sea, Trinidad), major oil and gas
producers, and other sectors such as the NASA and the military
have had similar historical and recent experience with chronic
external corrosion of Type 316L SS tubing.
This problem not only results in service disruptions and
increasingly expensive maintenance and repair, but poses
potentially significant risks to health, safety, and the environment
if not effectively mitigated and/or prevented.
Ardjan Kopliku BP Corrosion Lead -GoM

Pitting & Crevice Corrosion Super

Duplex Alloys
Crevice Corrosion on
2507 tubing
accelerated by the
316 clamp fingers
separating the tube.

Crevice Corrosion
Crevice Corrosion
on 316 St.Steel
under the clamps.

Despite more than 10 years marine exposure on a Shell semi submersible

support vessel the exposed surface of a section of Tungum Alloy Tube
remains clear of corrosion.
The Stainless steel Section from a Southern North Sea gas platform in the
Leman field shows crevice corrosion after barely 4 years in the same
environment.

Total Lifetime Capital Cost based

on 30 Years

Oil & Gas- HP control lines

<5,000 psi
Tungum tube runs
(gold colour) showing
standard working
practices for clamping
& bend radiuss

Oil & Gas- Safety Shut Down Conduit

Tungum tube runs used as a corrosion
resisting conduit for wire rope

90
Pulleys

Oil & Gas- Clamping Arrangements

Tungum tube runs (gold colour) showing standard working practices for
using St.Steel twin ferule fittings & 3x Dia. bend radiuss . However, not a
good idea to have 2 tube runs tight side by side. Leave a 5mm minimum
gap where possible.

Oil & Gas- HP Lines Twin Ferrule Fittings

Tungum tube runs (gold
colour) showing standard
working practices for using
St.Steel twin ferule fittings &
3x Dia. bend radiuss

Dive Systems Tungum for O Service

Oxygen Compatible Systems Hyperbaric

Chamber

Military Fighting Vehicles, Hydraulic Lines

Transport Brake Line Systems

Typical End Users & Specifiers

Tungum Protective Oxide Layer

Tungums protective
oxide layer polished
back to reveal that
no crevice corrosion
has occurred under
the pipe clamp.

Tungum Protective Oxide Layer

Tungum tube used
for Temperature
Safety Element
(TSE) loops in
service for 15 years.
Note the green
verdigris oxide layer,
on the tube. This is
to be expected after
this period of time
and is part of the
tubes protective
system.

Tungum Protective Oxide Layer

Tungum tube
showing the green
verdigris
oxide layer after 15
years in service with
no galvanic
corrosion issues
with the St.Steel
fittings into the
bulkhead.

Applications in Oil & Gas Non-Process

Hydraulic lines <5,000 psi
Pneumatic lines <5,000 psi
TSE Loops
Sea Water Flow rate < 4-5 mtr per/sec
Pressure sensing lines
Potable water lines
Grey & black water
Chemical injection lines Caution, solution compatibility
Diesel / fuel lines
Oxygen lines
Conduit tubing- Emergency shut down systems
Important note Avoid applications with Acetylene
Ammonia & Mercury

Key benefits
Excellent lifetime cost compared to other tubing options
No recorded failures of Tungum tube when correctly
used and installed
Compatible and approved with all industry recognised
tube fittings
Quicker installation times - can be as little as 75% of the
time compared to Super Duplex or Austenitic St.Steels
Reduced system down times due to its longer life
Material of choice for Oxygen and hyperbaric systems
Over 30 years of experience of real time Oil & Gas
applications

ISO9001:2008 Approval

Specifications
ASTM B706-00 Temper TF00 Seamless Copper Alloy (UNS No.
C69100) Pipe and Tube
BS EN 12449-CW700R-R430 Copper and Copper Alloys-Seamless,
Round Tubes for General Purposes
ASTM G124-10 Determining the Combustion Behavior of Metallic
Materials in Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres
ASME B31.1 and B31.3
USCG United States Coast Guard
Identified as ALLOY CZ127
In-house specification TCL100
Ministry of Defence specifications:
Aviation: DTD5019 (for high pressure systems)
DTD253A (for low pressure systems)
Navy: NES749 part 3
Army: AFS4000

Chemical Composition
Element

Min % Max%

Copper

81.00

84.00

Aluminium

0.70

1.20

Nickel

0.80

1.40

Silicon

0.80

1.30

Iron

0.25

Lead

0.05

Tin

0.10

Manganese

0.10

Total Other

0.50

Zinc

The Remainder

Physical Properties
Mean Ultimate Tensile Strength

480 N/mm
(31.07 tons per Sq. in.)

Mean 0.2% Proof Stress

240 N/mm
(15.54 tons per Sq. in.)

Design Stress at 4:1 Safety Factor

107.5 N/mm
(6.96 tons per Sq. in.)

Hardness

140 HV5 max.

Elongation (Average)

45 Per Cent

Magnetic Permeability

1.0015 Max.

Thermal Conductivity at 300 K

1.0W/cm K.

Weight

8.52 x 10 kg/mm
(0.308 lbs per cu.in.)

Typical material test cert

Tungum Limited

Family owned UK Limited Company

Established in 1933
World wide distributor network
World wide approvals and
certifications

Tungum Worldwide
PAC Stainless

USA

Global Hydraulic

Singapore

Stauff Korea Korea

Items AB

Hydrasun Ltd

www.globalhydraulics.com.sg

www.stauff.com

Sweden

Fernandez Jove S.A.

Petrotech LLC

www.pacstainlessltd.com

Spain

Middle East

www.itemsab.com
www.fernandezjove.com
www.petrotech.ae

Scotland, www.hydrasun.com
Netherlands
& Caspian Sea countries.