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Thermo CH 19
Thermo CH 19
Thermo CH 19
Chapter 19
Physics for Scientists and
Engineers, with Modern
Physics, 4th edition
Giancoli
2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 19
Heat and the First Law of
Thermodynamics
Units of Chapter 19
Heat as Energy Transfer
Internal Energy
Specific Heat
CalorimetrySolving Problems
Latent Heat
The First Law of Thermodynamics
The First Law of Thermodynamics Applied;
Calculating the Work
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Units of Chapter 19
Molar Specific Heats for Gases, and the
Equipartition of Energy
Adiabatic Expansion of a Gas
Heat Transfer: Conduction, Convection,
Radiation
Volume
(liters, m3, cm3)
Volume
(liters, m3, cm3)
isochoric
Isothermal
Adiabatic
Isobaric
Volume
(liters, m3, cm3)
No change in pressure
Einternal = +Q in W out
Einternal = +Q in W out
Types of +Qin:
Chemical Energy (Gasoline, Diesel Fuels)
released through combustion
Conduction of Heat from Hot reservoir
(steam from a boiler or nuclear power plant)
Absorption of heat from solar energy
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Einternal = +Q in W out
Types of W out:
Expansion of a Piston (Internal combustion
engines, steam engines)
Turning of a rotor (solar powered fan)
Einternal = +Q in W out
Key NOTES!
If Q flows OUT, +Q in is *negative*
Eint will *decrease*
If Work is done ON the gas, -W out will be
*positive*
Eint will *increase*
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Einternal = +Q in W out
E = +2500 J (1800J) = +700 J
Einternal = +Q in W out
E = +2500 J (-1800J) = +4300 J
we expect that
Summary of Chapter 19
Internal energy, Eint, refers to the total energy
of all molecules in an object. For an ideal
monatomic gas,
Summary of Chapter 19
In an isolated system, heat gained by one part
of the system must be lost by another.
Calorimetry measures heat exchange
quantitatively.
Phase changes require energy even though
the temperature does not change.
Heat of fusion: amount of energy required to
melt 1 kg of material
Heat of vaporization: amount of energy
required to change 1 kg of material from liquid
to vapor
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Summary of Chapter 19
The first law of thermodynamics:
Eint = Q W.
Thermodynamic processes: adiabatic (no heat
transfer), isothermal (constant temperature),
isobaric (constant pressure), isovolumetric
(constant volume).
Work done:
dW = PdV.
Summary of Chapter 19
Heat transfer takes place by conduction,
convection, and radiation.
In conduction, energy is transferred through the
collisions of molecules in the substance.
In convection, bulk quantities of the substance
flow to areas of different temperature.
Radiation is the transfer of energy by
electromagnetic waves.