TECHNOLOGY

Technology has been derived from Greek Word techno-logia. Techno means art or
skills and logia means science or study.
It is the use of scientific knowledge for practical purposes or applications, whether
in industry or in our everyday lives. So, basically, whenever we use our scientific
knowledge to achieve some specific purpose, we're using technology. Well, there
is slightly more to it than that. Technology usually involves a specific piece of
equipment, but that equipment can be incredibly simple or dazzlingly complex. It
can be anything from the discovery of the wheel, all the way up to computers and
MP3 players.

What are various types of

technologies?

Generic, Basic & Key Technologies

Embodied & Disembodied Technologies
System & Infra Technologies
Hybrid & Emerging Technologies
Disruptive & Sustaining Technologies

Generic Technology- Common use , greater the range of

application in industries, more generic.
Basic Technology provides flexibility to particular users.
Key Technology- Proprietary and indigenous to the firm,
provides competitive edge , Unavailable for commercial use.

 Embodied Technology- encapsulated in products and physical

equipments.
Disembodied Technology- Intangible in nature, no particular character,
involves social & management sciences. E.g. Quality assurance
program in a factory.
System Technology- other technologies evolve by combining
information technology for development of different applications. E.g.
computer-aided flexible manufacturing system
Infra Technology- group of technologies which support R & D,
manufacturing & marketing functions in the industry.
Hybrid Technology- technology evolves by combining features of
different technologies. Hybrid technology combines a rechargeable energy
source (i.e. a battery) with a combustible source (I.e. an engine). Hybrid
technology is employed in vehicles such as cars, buses and trucks to cut
fuel costs and to meet goals for emissions reductions. Implementation
done on a more wide scale basis, for example, in fleets, ships, and trains.

 Emerging Technology- technology is under advanced development

stage , probability indicates high technical success. E.g. Biogenetics, Nanotechnology.

What is Technology Life Cycle?

The technology life cycle describes the commercial gain of product
through the expense of research and development phase and
financial return during its vital life.
It is concerned with the time and cost of developing the
technology.
The biological concept of a life Cycle (i.e. Birth, Growth, Maturity
& Death) can also be applied to a technology and the product,
service or process associated with it.

Technology Life Cycle

Step by step
Stage /
Phase

No

Technological
Stage / Phase

Features

Technology
Development

Basic Technology

II

Technology
Application

Technology + Applications

III

Application Launch

Technology + Applications + Product

Launch

IV

Application Growth

Technology + Applications + Rise in

product sales

Technological
Maturity

Technology + Applications + Fall in

product sales

VI

Degraded
Technology

Minimal Product sales + Loss of

application + Alternative Technology

ANDROID
Android is Linux based operating system for mobile devices.
Android specially developed for applications
There are more than 4,00,000 apps in android market
The android is an open source

ORIGIN OF ANDROID
Android was founded in Palo Alto, California in October 2003 by Andy Rubin,
Rich Miner, Nick Sears and Chris White who work at Google to develop.
Android was purchased by the GOOGLE in AUGUST, 2005 for 50 million $.
The open handset alliance, a group of several companies was formed -5 November
2007
Android beta released-12 November 2007
Android can run multiple apps at the same time
Also support optimized graphics VGA, 2D graphics and 3D graphics.
Android has better app market.
Android lets you change your setting faster.
It gives you more options to fit your budget
Android keeps information visible on your home screen.
Android also support java applications.

Versions of ANDROID

ANDROID 1.0

23 September 2008

ANDROID 1.1

9 February 2009

ANDROID 1.5 (Cupcake)

30 April 2009

ANDROID 1.6 (Donut)

15 September 2009

ANDROID 2.0 (clair)

26 October 2009

ANDROID 2.2 (Froyo)

20 May 2010

ANDROID 2.3 (Gingerbread)

6 December 2010

ANDROID 3.0 (Honeycomb)

10 May 2011

ANDROID 4.0

19 October 2011

(Ice Cream Sandwich)

ANDROID 4.1 ,4.2,4.3

13 July 2012

(Jelly bean)

ANDROID 4.4 (Kitkat)

31 October 2013

ANDROID 5.1(Lolipop)

12 November 2014

ANDROID 6.0( Marshmallow)

05 October 2015

Released on April 30, 2009.

Added auto-rotation option.
Copy and Paste feature added in the web browser.
Increased speed and performance but not up to
required level.

Released on September 15, 2009.

Voice search and Search box were added.
Faster OS boot times and fast web browsing
experience.

Released on October 26, 2009.

Bluetooth 2.1 support.
Improved typing speed on virtual keyboard, with
smarter dictionary.
no Adobe flash media support.

Released on May 20, 2010.

Support for Adobe Flash 10.1
Improved Application launcher with better browser
No internet calling.

Released on December 6, 2010.

Updated User Interface with high efficiency and speed
One touch word selection and copy/paste.
New keyboard for faster word input.
More successful version of Android than previous.
not supports multi-core processors.

Released on February 22, 2011.

Support for multi-core processors
Ability to encrypt all user data.
This version of android is only available for

tablets.

Released on November 14, 2011.

Virtual button in the UI.
A new typeface family for the UI, Roboto.
Ability to shut down apps that are using data in the
background.

Released on June 27, 2012.

Improved the features of previous version while
improving the graphics quality.
Smoother user interface.

Android Jellybean 4.2,4.3

Released on 13 November 2012
Lock screen improvements
Multiple user accounts (tablets only)
Bug fixes and performance enhancements
Android Kitkat 4.4
Released on 31 October 2013
Ability for applications to trigger translucency
in the navigation and status bars
Wireless printing capability
And even more features are currently being rolled out

AS per technology life cycle android operating system was developed in 2008 in
California. It was its introduction stage. It was launched in market in 2008 with
basic features which was referred as android 1.0. The technology was not fully
developed at this stage. Several new features were added and operating system
was upgraded, products and services were launched.
Latest version of android operating system is Android 6.0 which is named as
Android Marshmallow.
Currently android operating system is at its growth stage and sales is increasing
day by day along with new features and versions