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Radiographic Analysis
Radiographic Analysis
IMAGING MODALITIES
Periapical Radiographs
ASSESSMENT OF:
Unerupted Teeth
Carious Lesions
Root Resorption
Alveolar Bone Level
PANORAMIC
PANORAMIC
EVALUATION OF:
Trauma
Location Of Third Molars
Extensive Dental Or Osseous Disease
Suspected Large Lesions
Retained Teeth Or Root Tips
Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
Developmental Anomalies
PA occipito-mental
Provides excellent views of upper and
middle thirds of the face
the orbital margins, frontal sinuses,
zygomatic arches and maxillary antra.
2D vs. 3D
Investigation of osteomyelitis
Investigation of the TMJ
ADVANTAGES OF CT SCAN
Elimination of superimposition of structures
encountered in plain / 2D film imaging
Multiplanar imaging- axial, coronal and
sagittal planes usually with the benefit of a
visual 3D model
High contrast resolution
RADIOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION
SYSTEMATIC RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION
Anatomic position
Localized or generalized
Unilateral or bilateral
Single or multifocal
E.g. Stafne's Idiopathic Bone Cavity
STEP BY STEP
In details
'It extends from the mesial aspect of 47 up to the sigmoid notch, and from the anterior border
of the ramus down to the IAN canal,' or 'It is approximately 6 cm x 2 cm'
Shape
Monolocular or unilocular
Pseudoloculated
Multilocular
Round
Oval
Scalloped or undulating
Irregular
Internal Structure
Uniformly radiolucent
Radiolucent with patchy opacities
Radiopaque
Fine bone trabeculae, e.g. ground glass appearance
Internal Structure
Homogeneous dense cortical bone
Discrete bony septa, which could be:
thin or coarse
straight or curved
prominent or faint
Cementum oval or round calcification
Identifiable dental tissue enamel /dentin
No specific pattern.
Internal Structure
Resorption
Displacement
Delayed eruption
Disrupted development (abnormal shape /density)
Loss of associated lamina dura
Mesiodens
Effects On Adjacent
Surrounding Structures
Surrounding bone
Expansion
Ragged destruction
Increased density (sclerosis)
Subperiosteal new bone formation
An increase in the normal width of the IAN
Cherubism
Effects On Adjacent
Surrounding Structures
Displacement or involvement of :
SAMPLE CASES
Case Example
A 63-year-old man presented with a
long-standing history of sinusitis
and 3 weeks of frontal headache.
A. Thickening of the outer & inner
tables of the cranial bones,
widening of the diplo
ORO-ANTRAL COMMUNICATION
PAGETS DISEASE
Condylar Hypoplasia
Underdevelopment or defective formation
of the condyle
Congenital- present at birth
Acquired- occurs from an event that
interferes with development
trauma, infection, radiation, endocrine
disorder, or systemic arthropathy
Condylar Hyperplasia
Excessive growth of one of the
condyles
Most commonly found in adolescents
and young adults
Etiology: Endocrine disturbances and
trauma
Clinical features: Facial asymmetry,
prognathism, crossbite and open bite
Bifid Condyle
Asymptomatic; Rare anatomic
variation of mandibular condyle
No definite etiologic factor
Embryologic Theoryobstruction of the blood supply
to the condyle
Trauma- disruption or
dislocation of joint integrity due
to birth trauma or fracture
Bifid Condyle
Periodontal Defects
Periodontal Defects
RADIOLUCENT
LESIONS
RADIOPAQUE
LESIONS
Dosimetry
ALARA
As Low as Reasonably Achievable
Conclusion
Successful interpretation of radiographs, no matter
what the quality, relies ultimately on clinicians
understanding of the radiographic image, being
able to recognize the range of normal appearances
as well as knowing the features of relevant
pathological conditions.
THANK YOU!
REFERENCES