POWERPOINT ON

RESOURCES
Made By:-ROHIT KUMAR SINGH
Class:-XI-A
ROLL.NO.:-29

WHAT ARE RESOURCES?

Resource are anything which can be used for satisfying the

human needs is called a resource.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF RESOURCES

Resources can be classified on different bases; into following types:

On the basis of origin: Biotic and Abiotic
On the basis of exhaustibility: Renewable and Non-renewable
On the basis of ownership: Individual, community, national and
international
On the basis of status of development: Potential, Developed, Stock
and Reserves

ON THE BASIS OF
EXHAUSTIBILITY
Renewable Resources

Non-renewable
resources

Resources that can be

Resources which takes million
replenished after a short period of
years of time to replenish are
time are called Renewable
called non-renewable resources.
For example petroleum ,
Resources.
For example agricultural crops,
minerals, coal, etc.
water, forest, wildlife, etc.

ON THE BASIS OF OWNERSHIP :

INDIVIDUALS RESOURCES
Resources

which are owned by a particular person or an

individuals.
For example : land owned by farmers, house, etc.

COMMUNITY OWNED RESOURCES

Resources

owned by community or society are called

Community Owned Resources. For example
Graveyard, grazing land, ponds, burial grounds, park,
etc.

NATIONAL RESOURCES

Resources owned by Individual Nations are called

National Resources. For example Government land,
Roads, canals, railway, etc.

INTERNATIONAL RESOURCES

Resources regulate by International bodies are called

International Resources. For example Ocean and sea
beyond 200 km of the Exclusive Economic Zone and is
called open sea or ocean. No individual country can utilize
these resources without the permission of International
bodies.

ON THE BASIS OF STATUS OF DEVELOPMENT:

POTENTIAL RESOURCES
Resources

which are found in a particular region, but not

yet used properly. For example Rajasthan and Gujarat
receive plenty of solar energy and have plenty of wind
energy, but use of these resources so far has not been
developed properly.

DEVELOPED RESOURCES

Resources which are developed and surveyed for

utilization and are being used in present time are
known as Developed Resources.

STOCK RESOURCES
Resources

that are available, but we do not have proper

technology to used them are called Stock. For example
water is made of oxygen and hydrogen, which can be used
as fuel, but because of lack of proper technology these are
not being used.

RESERVES RESOURCES

Resources which are available and the knowhow to use

them is also present but they are yet to be used are
called Reserves. For example river water which is not
used to generate electricity.

DISCRIMINATE USE OF RESOURCES

Resources are vital for human beings. But indiscriminate use of
resources is creating many problems.. Examples are:
Accumulation of resources in only few hands leaves others
unsatisfied.
Indiscriminate use of resources is creating many problems
around the world, such as global warming, ecological crisis,
disturbance in ozone layer, etc.
Thus, equal distribution of resources becomes necessary for
sustainable development.

RESOURCE PLANNING IN INDIA

Resource planning is the judicious use of resources. Resource

planning becomes more important in a country like India, where
resources are not distributed properly. For example; many states
are rich in mineral and deficient in other resources, such as
Jharkhand is rich in minerals, but there is problem of drinking
water and other facilities, Arunachal Pradesh has plenty of water
but lack of other development because of lack of resources.

RESOURCE PLANNING IN INDIA

Resources can contribute in proper development only with a good

planning keeping the technology, skills and institution in mind.
Resource Planning in India is one of the most important goals right
from its first Five Years Plan. Following are the main points of
Resource planning:
Making of inventory of resources after their region-wise identification
across the country.
Making of the planning structure with appropriate technology, skill
and institutions.
Matching of resource plan with development plan, etc.

CONSERVATION OF RESOURCES

Overuse of resources creates many socio-economic

problems. Many leaders and thinkers have been advocating
for the judicious use and conservation of resources. Gandhiji
told There is enough for everybodys need and not for any
bodys greed. He thought that exploitative nature of modern
technology is the root cause for depletion at global level.

LAND
RESOURCES
Land is one of the most important natural resources. Land supports our life
system. Thus, careful planning of use of land resource is necessary. India
comprises of many types of land. These are mountains, plateau, plains and
islands.
Mountains: About 30% of land area in India is in the form of mountain.
Mountain supports the perennial flow of rivers, which carry fertile soils,
facilitate irrigation and provide drinking water.
Plain: About 43% of land area in India is in the form of plains. Plains provide
facilities for agriculture, building of industries and houses, etc.
Plateau: About 27% of land in India is in the form of plateau which provides
many types of minerals, fossil fuels and forest.

LAND UTILLISATION

Land not available for cultivation: There are two types of land which are not used for
agriculture purpose. These are:
Barren and waste land
Lands used for buildings, roads, factories, etc. i.e for non-agriculture purpose.
Other uncultivated land (excluding fallow land)
Current fallow-(left without cultivation for one or less than one agricultural year),
Net sown area: Area which is sown at least once in a year is called net sown area.
Gross cropped area: Area sown more than once in an agricultural year plus net sown
area is known as gross cropped area.


LAND USE PATTERN IN INDIA:
LAND USE PATTERN IN INDIA
India has total 3.28 million square kilometre land used data. But only 93% of land of total
geographical area is available. This is because land used data has not been collected for
the north eastern states except Assam and the land occupied by Pakistan and China has
not been surveyed because of many unavoidable reasons.
The land under permanent pasture is decreasing, this will create the problem for grazing.
The total net sown are (NSA) is not more than 54% including land other than fallow land.
Land other than fallow land is either of poor quality or too costly to cultivate, these lands
are cultivated only once or twice in two or three consecutive years.
According to National Forest Policy (1952), the forest should be 33% of total geographical
area, which is essential to maintain ecological balance. But the forest area in India is far
less than desired measures.

MEASURES TO CONSERVE THE LAND RESOURCES

Degradation of land can be prevented by taking following

measures:
Afforestation
Proper management of grazing.
Stabilisation of sand dunes by plantation of thorny bushes.
By proper irrigation.
Control over mining activities.
Proper management of land after completion of mining work.
Discharge of industrial waste and effluents only after proper treatment
By preventing deforestation.

SOIL AS RESORCES
Soil is one of the most important natural
resources. Soil supports the growth of
plants. Soil is the natural home of many
living organism, such as ants, rats,
snakes, and many insects.
Formation of Soil: It takes thousands of
years to form even 1 cm of soil. Soil is
formed by the weathering process of the
rocks. Various natural forces, such as
temperature, running water, wind, etc.

TYPES OF SOIL:1} ALLUVIAL SOIL

i). Alluvial soil is the most fertile and wide spread soil found in India.
ii). It is formed due to the deposition of fine silt called alluvium by the
rivers.
iii). It is found in the northern plains, Gujarat plains and the coastal plains.
iv). It consists of sand, silt and clay.
v). It is divided into khadar and Bangar [new alluvium and old alluvium] It
contains soil nutrients such as potash, phosphoric acid and lime. So, it is
fertile and good for the growth of sugarcane, rice, wheat and pulses.
BANGAR
ALLUVIAL SOIL

KHADAR ALLUVIAL
SOIL

2}BLACK SOIL

Regur soils are called black cotton soils because they are black in colour and are very
good for cotton cultivation. It is made up of extremely fine clayey materials. It has
the capacity to hold moisture for a long time. These soils develop deep cracks in
summer. This helps in the aeration of the soil. This soil is sticky. It is mainly found in
the Deccan Trap region of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Chattisgarh. It
is formed due to the weathering of volcanic rocks. It is very rich in potash, calcium
carbonate, magnesium and lime. It is poor in phosphoric content.

3]RED AND YELLOW SOIL

The soil looks red due to presence of iron in crystalline or

metamorphic rocks. When the soil look yellow when it occurs in
dehydrated form. Red soil is present in the eastern and southern
parts of the Deccan Plateau. Red soil is also found in Orissa,
Chhattisgarh, on the southern part of the Gangetic plains and
along the piedomont zone of the Western Ghats.
RED SOIL

YELLOW

4}LATERITE SOIL

The word laterite originated from the Latin word later which means brick. Laterite soil is
formed due to intense leaching caused by tropical rainfall. Humus content is less because
the micro-organisms get destroyed due to high temperature. This soil can be cultivated by
using manure and fertilizers. It is good for the cultivation of tea, coffee and cashew nut. It
is found in Kerala, Karnataka, Tamilnadu, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Assam.

5}ARID SOIL
Arid

soil is found in those areas which receive scanty rainfall. Due to high
temperature, evaporation is faster in these regions. The soil has a high
content of salt. Arid soil can be made cultivable with proper treatment. Arid
soil is present in Rajasthan and Gujarat. Kankar layer in the soil prevent the
water from seeping under ground.

6}FOREST SOIL

The forest soil is found in hilly areas. The soil in upper parts is
highly acidic because of denudation. The soil in the lower part is
highly fertile.

SOIL EROSION AND SOIL CONSERVATION

Removal of top soil is called soil erosion. Intense farming, grazing,
construction activities and other human activities; along with deforestation
have led to soil erosion. Soil erosion; if not checked in time; can even lead to
desertification.
Soil conservation is .important to prevent soil erosion. Soil conservation can be
done by many methods. Afforestation is the main method because trees hold
the topsoil in place. Terrace farming and shelter belt planting also help in soil
conservation.
.

TYPES OF EROSION

GULLY EROSION: The rain water when

moves down on an uneven land scoops
away the soil and form deep channels
called gullies. This type of erosion is
called gully erosion.

SHEET EROSION Some times water

flows as a sheet over large areas
down a slope. The water takes away
the top soil. This type of erosion is
called sheet erosion.

SOIL CONSERVATION MEASURES

i).Contour ploughing reduces the flow of water and prevent soil erosion
ii). In hilly areas terraced farming should be followed.
iii). Strip farming helps to reduces the force of winds.
iv). Shelter belts of plants around the fields reduce soil erosion.
v). Afforestation should be practiced on a large scale and deforestation
should be stopped.
vi).Over grazing by animals should be avoided

QUESTION AND ANSWER

Question .1. What are natural resources?

Answer : Natural gifts in the form of land, water, vegetation and minerals are
called natural resources and Rule.

Question .2. Give examples of human-made resources?

Answer : Examples of human-made resources are:(i) Buildings (ii) Villages (iii) Cities (iv) Machines (v) Industries (vi) Roads (vi)
Railways

QUESTION AND ANSWER

Question .3. How was black soil formed?
Answer : Black soils have been formed from the weathered lava flows found in
the Deccan Trap region.

Question .4. Where are black soils found in India?

Answer : Black soils are found in Maharastra, Western Madhya Pradesh and
Gujarat states of India.

QUESTION AND ANSWER

Question .5. Why is conservation of resources necessary?
Answer : Conservation of resources is necessary means the resources should
be used in a judicious and planned way. Non-renewable resources like
minerals demand extra care as they cannot be renewed.

Question .6. Name inexhaustible resources of energy?

Answer : Conservation of resources is necessary means the resources should
be used in a judicious and planned way. Non-renewable resources like
minerals demand extra care as they cannot be renewed.

QUESTION AND ANSWER

Question .7. What is resource development?
Answer : Resource development is not an exploitation but preservation and
reuse of the resources to satisfy human need.

Question .8. What is resource planning?

Answer : It is a technique or skill of proper utilization of resources. It involves
the three stage as follows:(i) Preparation of inventory of resources
(ii) Evaluation in terms of availability for development
(iii) Planning for exploitation of resources.

QUESTION AND ANSWER

Question .9. Classify resources on the basis of origin and availability?
Answer : Types of resources on the basis of their origin:(i) Biotic
(ii) Abiotic
Types of resources on the basis of their availability:(i) Renewable or inexhaustible resources
(ii) Non-renewable or exhaustible resources
Question .10. What do you mean by land degradation?
Answer : Land degradation is the depletion of the land due to faulty
agricultural practices, overgrazing, deforestation and mining.

QUESTION AND ANSWER

Question .11. Which resources demand extra care and why? Give examples?
Answer : Non-renewable resources demand extra care because they cant be
renewed and their supply is limited.
Example:- Coal, Petroleum and other minerals.
Question .12. Name two nutrients in which alluvial soil is deficient. Briefly
write how fertility of soil affected distribution of population?
Answer : Alluvial soil is deficient in organic and nitrogenous nutrients. The
distribution of population are affected as:(i (ii) The Northern plains are densely populated due to the same reason.
(iii) Rajasthan and Jammu & Kashmir are sparsely populated due to presence
of desert and mountain soil.

QUESTION AND ANSWER

Question .13. State the methods of controlling soil erosion?
Answer : The methods are:(i) Reducing flow of water by constructing small bunds.
(ii) Planting trees [Afforestation]
(iii) Avoiding overgrazing
Question .14. State the land use pattern in India?
Answer : Net sown area = 46%
Culturable wasteland = 05%
Permanent Pastures = 04%
Wasteland = 14%
Tree crops = 01%

QUESTION AND ANSWER

Question .15. Explain how human activities have caused land degradation?
Answer :
(i) Overgrazing and deforestation have destroyed the vegetation.
(ii) Surface mining have caused degradation of the land.
(iii) The mineral processing like:(a) Grinding of limestone in cement industries.
(b) Grinding of calcite and soapstone in ceramic industries which generates large amount
of dust and release in the atmosphere.
When it settles down in the surrounding area and affects infiltration of water and crop
cultivation.

QUESTION AND ANSWER

Question .16. Why is resources necessary for human beings?
Answer : (i) Natural resources are gift to a nation. These are the backbone of
the economy of the nation.
(ii) These provide base for the economic development of a nation.These help
us to create goods or provide services. Human have created their own world
of living by utilizing these resources.
(iii) Both natural resources e.g. soil, water, minerals etc and man-made
resources e.g. cities, machines etc. are essential for living.
Question .17. Name the biotic minerals?
Answer : Land degradation is the depletion of the land due to faulty
agricultural practices, overgrazing, deforestation and mining.