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Aquaculture Biotechnology
Aquaculture Biotechnology
Aquaculture &
Biotechnology
Two important areas of R & D in this
century:
Aquaculture & Biotechnology
Aquaculture Food producing activity
BiotechnologyTool of increasing production
efficiency
Aquaculture-Biotechnology
interface
Biotechnolgical intervention in
mariculture & marine ranching
are considered a most feasible option
of meeting qualitative & quantitative
seafood security.
Production potential of
aquatic animals is
higher:
Live in multidimensional environment
Body density similar to aquatic medium
Efficient food conversion
Faster growth
Most having body temperature similar
to environment
Comparative
production efficiency
Cattle
Produces 0.454 kg (=1 pound) from 1.83.6 kg feed
Catfish
Produces 0.454 kg (=1 pound) from
0.681 0.908 kg feed
EEZ promulgation
Law of the Sea in the form of EEZ has
given maritime countries vast areas in
sea for economic exploitation.
Malaysia: Marine area more than land
area:
Marine area = 332,673 sq.km
Land area = 330,434 sq.km
Contribution of aquaculture
to global food security:
Significant
46 million tons by weight
This is quarter of world food supply
Production expected to rise to 50 million
tons by 2010.
Contribution by value = US$ 57 billion
Application of
biotechnology
Application of biotechnology essential for any
quantum jump in aquaculture production.
Biotechnology getting more & more intricately
linked to aquaculture.
Modern aquaculture can be appropriately
described as a discipline of Aquaculture
Biotechnology.
Biotechnological tools
needed:
Environmental remediation to minimize
or mitigate the impact of stressors.
Efficient artificial feeds
- Microencapsulation
- Bioencapsulation
Disease management-probiotics &
vaccines.
Types of aquaculture
systems
Based on:
Groups of of aquatic animals used in culture
Species
Combination of single or multiple species
Stocking density
Culture facilities
Other conditions
Intrinsic qualities of
egg:
Genetic heritage
Biochemical constituents
Inherited genetic
material:
Genetic capital of Tiger prawn
broodstock was intact.
- No. of alleles/locus = 1.7
- Polymorphic loci = 33.3%
- Observed heterozygosity, Ho = 0.194
(exceeded He 0.122)
Data suggested no genetic degradation.
Shortage or
inappropriate quantities
of these substances:
Poor egg quality.
Broodstock condition
If female broodstock is poorly
nourished:
inadequate transfer of nutrients to
developing ovary.
Poor quality eggs.
Main Biotechnological
procedures involved:
Bioencapsulation of live bloodworm
collected from low energy coastal bays
in the tidelands.
Biotechnological
procedures involved:
Chemical filtration of seawater adsorption of toxic metals on charred
waste of palm oil industry.
Biotechnological
procedures involved:
Induced breeding of tiger prawn in
captivity:
- ablation of one eyestalk to remove
X- organ-sinus gland complex
a quick surgical operation.