Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 10
Chapter 10
Defining ethnicity
Shared history
Religion and culture
Kin or ancestry
Sense of shared destiny
Language
Ethnic options
Recent research has shown that because of
intergroup marriage, for many whites living in
the United States, ethnicity has become a choice.
For many, ethnicity is largely opted out of
altogether.
For nonwhites, opting out of ethnicity is not a
choice.
Defining race
Race refers to an externally imposed system of
social categorization and stratification.
No true biological races exist; rather, human
groups must be placed on a continuum.
Typically, race refers to some set of physical
characteristics granted importance by a society.
Race is socially constructed.
Racialization
The actual imposition of some racial schema
on society is called racialization.
The process involves both formal and informal
inequities, including segregated schools and
businesses, along with differentiated rights.
These inequalities shape the lives of all those
in the racialized society.
Racism
Prejudice
Discrimination
Stereotypes
Scapegoats
Minority groups
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Assimilation
Melting pot
Multiculturalism
Segregation
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Studying migration
Trends in global migration today:
Acceleration
Diversification
Globalization
Feminization
Transnationalism
Global diasporas
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65.9%
WHITE
(NON-HISPANIC)
198,420,355 people
15.1%
HISPANIC
OR LATINO
45,432,158 people
12.1%
AFRICAN
AMERICAN
36,397,922 people
4.3%
ASIAN
13,000,306 people
1.6%
0.7%
0.1%
0.2%
TWO OR
MORE RACES
AMERICAN
INDIAN AND
ALASKA NATIVE
NATIVE HAWAIIAN
AND OTHER
PACIFIC ISLANDER
SOME OTHER
RACE
2,041,269 people
413,294 people
4,794,461 people
Essentials Of Sociology,
3rd Edition
Copyright 2011
W.W. Norton & Company
737,938 people
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Educational attainment
Income
Residence
Wealth
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Seeing inequality
We can also see racial inequality in:
Political representation
Residential segregation
Criminal justice system
Health and wellness
26
Getting ahead
Over time, white ethnics have integrated well.
Asian Americans have also done quite well
when looked at as a whole.
Cubans have done very well overall.
African Americans, Native Americans, and
Puerto Ricans have not fared as well.
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For more learning resources, please visit our online StudySpace at:
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Clicker Questions
1. What is ethnicity?
a. the physical manifestation of racial difference
b. any biologically grounded features of a group of people
c. any group outside the white, English-speaking majority
d. the cultural practices and outlooks of a given community that
have emerged historically and tend to set people apart
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Clicker Questions
2. Racism that is embedded in the very structure and operation of
society is called
a. structural racism.
b. institutional racism.
c. formal racism.
d. modern racism.
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Clicker Questions
3. Which of the following is a characteristic of minority groups?
a. The members speak English as a second language.
b. The members have no sense of group solidarity.
c. The members see themselves as set apart from the majority.
d. The members tend to live and work in mostly white
neighborhoods.
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Clicker Questions
4. What is the difference between the assimilation and melting pot models of integrating new
ethnic groups into the dominant society?
a. The assimilation model refers to the new group adopting the norms and values of the
dominant society, whereas the melting pot model refers to the merging and blending of
dominant and ethnic cultures.
b. The assimilation model refers to members of the new group becoming citizens of the host
nation, whereas the melting pot model refers to members of the new group remaining
guest workers and having only the legal rights afforded to those on work visas.
c. The assimilation model refers to members of the new group learning the language of the
host nation and dispersing to the suburbs, whereas the melting pot model refers to
members of the new group sticking to their own language and becoming concentrated in
particular urban neighborhoods.
d. The assimilation model refers to the experience of twentieth-century immigrants to the
United States, whereas the melting pot model refers to the experience of nineteenthcentury immigrants.
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Clicker Questions
5. When Ali moved to the United States from Iraq, he changed
his wardrobe by shopping at the local mall, began watching
American movies, and indulged in sweets and fast food like
the rest of the teenagers his age. Alis process of abandoning
his original customs and adopting those of the majority is
called
a. pluralism.
b. assimilation.
c. melting pot.
d. multiculturalism.
2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
34
Clicker Questions
6. The process by which a societys understandings of race are
used to classify individuals or groups of people is called
a. racialism.
b. racism.
c. racialization.
d. racial identification.
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Clicker Questions
7. How does the experience of blacks in American cities compare
with that of other minority groups?
a. Blacks have more political representation but less economic wealth.
b. Segregation and poverty have not been reduced in the way they
have been for other groups.
c. Blacks have more wealth and more likely to live in the suburbs than
other immigrant groups.
d. Blacks have been much less involved in the public sector than
immigrant groups, but they have more wealth than other immigrant
groups.
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Chapter Opener
65.9%
WHITE
(NON-HISPANIC)
198,420,355 people
15.1%
HISPANIC
OR LATINO
45,432,158 people
12.1%
AFRICAN
AMERICAN
36,397,922 people
4.3%
ASIAN
13,000,306 people
1.6%
0.7%
0.1%
0.2%
TWO OR
MORE RACES
AMERICAN
INDIAN AND
ALASKA NATIVE
NATIVE HAWAIIAN
AND OTHER
PACIFIC ISLANDER
SOME OTHER
RACE
2,041,269 people
413,294 people
4,794,461 people
Essentials Of Sociology,
3rd Edition
Copyright 2011
W.W. Norton & Company
737,938 people
45
Essentials Of Sociology
THIRD EDITION
by
Anthony Giddens
Mitchell Duneier
Richard P. Appelbaum
Deborah Carr