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Differential Calculus Integral Calculus: Ece Special Topics
Differential Calculus Integral Calculus: Ece Special Topics
Differential Calculus Integral Calculus: Ece Special Topics
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
INTEGRAL CALCULUS
Prepared by:
L
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F
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LHospitals Rule
Suppose f and g are differentiable andg ' x 0
. Suppose that:
lim f x 0 and
xa
or that,
Then,
lim f x and
xa
lim g x 0
xa
lim g x
xa
f x
f ' x
lim
lim
xa g x
xa g ' x
D.C.
1. Evaluate:
3x 2 x 10
lim
x2
x2 4
a. 3
b. 11/4
c. no limit
d. 1/3
f x
f ' x
lim
lim
xa g x
xa g ' x
D.C.
2. Calculate:
2
ln x
lim
x x
.
a. 0
b. 1
c.
d.
f x
f ' x
lim
lim
xa g x
xa g ' x
D.C.
3. Find:
sin 2 x
lim
x 0 sin 3 x
.
a. 1/3
b. 3/4
c. 2/3
d. 0
DIFFERENTIATION FO
Algebraic
Functions
d
c 0
dx
d n
n 1 du
u nu
dx
dx
d
dv
du
uv u v
dx
dx
dx
du
dv
v
u
d u
dx
dx
dx v
v2
DIFFERENTIATION FO
Trigonometric
Functions
d
du
sin u cos u
dx
dx
d
du
cos u sin u
dx
dx
d
du
2
tan u sec u
dx
dx
d
du
2
cot u csc u
dx
dx
d
sec u sec u tan u du
dx
dx
d
csc u csc u cot u du
dx
dx
DIFFERENTIATION FO
Inverse Trigonometric
Functions
d
1
du
arcsin u
dx
1 u 2 dx
d
1
du
arccos u
dx
1 u 2 dx
d
arctan u 1 2 du
dx
1 u dx
d
arc cot 1 2 du
dx
1 u dx
d
arc sec 1 du
dx
u u 2 1 dx
d
arc csc u 1 du
dx
u u 2 1 dx
DIFFERENTIATION FO
Logarithmic and
Exponential Functions
log a e du
d
log a u
dx
u dx
d u
du
u
a a ln a
dx
dx
d
1 du
ln u
dx
u dx
d u
u du
e e
dx
dx
d v
dv
v 1 du
v
u vu
u ln u
dx
dx
dx
DIFFERENTIATION FO
Hyperbolic
Functions
d
du
sinh u cosh u
dx
dx
d
du
cosh u sinh u
dx
dx
d
tanh u sec h 2 u du
dx
dx
d
coth u csc h 2 u du
dx
dx
d
sec hu sec hu tanh u du
dx
dx
d
csc hu csc hu coth u du
dx
dx
DIFFERENTIATION FO
Inverse Hyperbolic
Functions
d
arcsin hu 1 du
dx
u 2 1 dx
d
arccos hu 1 du
dx
u 2 1 dx
d
arctan hu 1 2 du
dx
1 u dx
d
arc coth u 1 2 du
dx
1 u dx
d
arc sec hu 1 du
dx
u 1 u 2 dx
d
1
du
arc csc hu
dx
u 1 u 2 dx
D.C.
4. Differentiate:
y 1 5x
a. y '
5x
c.
1 5x 2
b. y ' 5 x 1 5d.
x2
y'
5x
1 5x 2
y ' 5 x 1 5 x 2
d n
n 1 du
u nu
dx
dx
D.C.
5. Differentiate:
2
y x cos 2 x
a.
b.
c.
d.
d
dv
du
uv u v
dx
dx
dx
D.C.
y arcsin 4 x
a.
b.
8 arcsin 4 x
c.
1 4x2
8 arcsin 4 xd.
1 16 x
2 arcsin 4 x
1 16 x 2
4 arcsin 4 x
1 16 x
D.C.
7. Find y if:
ye
a.
sin 2 x
2e sin x cos x
2e
sin 2 x
cos 2 x
D.C.
8. Find y if:
y2
4x
a.
34 x 2 ln 2 c.
2 4 x 2 ln 2
b.
32 x 2 ln 3 d.
23 x 2 ln 4
D.C.
function:
a.
b.
y x ln x
2
x1 2 ln x
3 2 ln x
2 ln x
2
x
c.
d.
y ' to
given curve is equal
.
D.C.
origin.
x 3 y xatthe
2y
0
2
a.
b.
x 2 yc. 0
x 2 yd. 0
2x y 0
2x y 0
y k y' x h
dy
y' f ' x 0
dx
Point of Inflection
The point of inflection is a point at which the
curve changes from concave upward to concave
downward, or vice versa. At the points of
inflection, the second derivative of y is zero.
y" 0
minimized.
3. Express this variable in terms of the other
relevant variable(s).
4. If the function shall consist of more than one
variable, express in terms of one variable
using the conditions in the problem.
5. Differentiate the equation and equate to
zero.
D.C.
x x 2
2
.
Find the coordinates of the maximum
point.
a. (0,0)
b. (1,0)
c. (2,0)
d. (1,1)
D.C.
y x 3 3x 2 4 x 5
Determine the coordinates of the point of
inflection.
a. (-1,-3)
b. (2,9)
c. (0,5)
d. (1,7)
D.C.
19 ft
20 ft
D.C.
c.
D.C.
15.A telephone company has to run a line from a
c. 4.583 km
d. 3.567 km
D.C.
c. 16 and 20
d. 12 and 24
D.C.
c. 1.5 in.
d. 2 in.
D.C.
18.A closed cylindrical can must have a volume of
c. 50/pi in.
d. 60/pi in.
4.
5.
6.
D.C.
c. 4
d. 5
D.C.
c.
d.
-8.08 m/s
-4.86 m/s
D.C.
c.
0.25 rad/min
d. 0.67 rad/min
INTEGRAL
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CA
I.C.
STANDARDS OF INTEGRATION
adu au c
du u c
af u du a f u du
1
f au du f x dx c
a
I.C.
Algebraic, Exponential and Logarithmic
Functions
adu au c
u
a
u
a
du ln a c
1 n 1
u du n 1 u c
n
e du e
u
for n 1
du
ln u c
u
ln udu u ln u u c
I.C.
Trigonometric Functions
2
cos
udu
1
u sin u cos u c
2
I.C.
Inverse Trigonometric
Functions
u
arcsin c
a
a2 u2
du
du
1
u
arctan c
2
2
a
a u
a
1
u
u u 2 a 2 a arc sec a c
du
I.C.
Hyperbolic Functions
u
csc hudu ln tanh 2 c
I.C.
Integration by
Parts
udv uv vdu
Trigonometric Substitution
a. When the integrand involves a2 x2, use x = asin .
b. When the integrand involves a2 + x2, use x = atan.
c. When the integrand involves x2 a2,use x = a sec.
I.C.
Wallis Formula
2 sin m
0
cos n d
m 1 m 3 2 or 1 n 1 n 3 2 or 1
m n m n 2 2 or 1
where
:
I.C.
1. Solve:
xdx
x2 2
a. 1 4 x 2 2c.
c
5
b. 1 4
5
2 c
x 2 d.
1 n 1
u du n 1 u c
n
5
2
5
2
1
4 x2
5
1
6 x2
5
for n 1
c
c
I.C.
2. Integrate:
x 2
x2
dx
a. 1 x 2 6 x 16 ln x 2 c
2
1 2
b. x 6 x 16 ln x 2 c
2
c. 1 x 2 6 x 16 ln x 2 c
2
1
d. x 2 6 x 16 ln x 2 c
2
I.C.
3. Find:
xe 3 x dx
1 3x
1
c
a. xe x c.
3
3
1 3x
1
e x c
3
3
1
1
3
x
b. xe x d.
c
3
3
1 3x
1
e x c
3
3
I.C.
4. Find:
2 cot x 3 sin x
dx
sin x
a. csc 2 x cos c.
xc
sec x 2 sin x c
b. 2 csc x 3 cosd.x c
sin 2 x cos 2 x c
I.C.
5. Integrate:
a.
b.
c.c
9 9 x2
x
c
d.
9 x2
dx
3
x2 2
x
9 x2
9x
9 x2
I.C.
6. Find:
2
0
sin 4 cos 7 d
a. 16/1155
b. 16/1001
c. 8/99
d. 8/1155
I.C.
7. Solve:
4 3
2 1
a. 88/3
b. 89
y dydx
c. 3
d. 79/3
y2
y1
xR xL dy
x2
x1
yU yL dx
1 2 2
A r d
2 1
I.C.
8. Determine
I.C.
y = x4 x2 and y = x2 - 1.
a. 16/13 sq. units
b. 16/15 sq. units
I.C.
c. 30 sq. units
d. 25 sq. units
dy
dx
a
dx
S 1
a
in Parametric Form
in Polar Form
2
dx
dt
dy
dt
dt
r2
dr
d
d
dx
dy
1
dy
I.C.
c. 6.92
d. 7.92
S
y2
y1
dx
dy
1
dy
I.C.
r 41 sin
a. 26
b. 28
c. 30
d. 32
dr
r
d
d
2
Ay
Ax
x2
x1
x2
x1
y dx
x c dx
c
y2
y1
y2
y1
x c dy
y c dy
For Rectangles
A1 x1 A2 x2
x
ATOTAL
A1 y1 A2 y2
y
ATOTAL
I.C.
c. -0.8
d. -0.5
I.C.
c. 9.48 cm
d. 9.67 cm
Ix
y2
y1
y 2dA ;
A xdy
I y x 2 dA ;
x1
A ydx
I.C.
c. 15.1
d. 25.6
x2
I y x 2 dA ;
x1
A ydx
x2
x1
yU yL
dx or V
y2
y1
xR xL 2 dy
x2
x1
yL dx or V
2
y2
y1
V 2 r yU y L dx ; r x xrotation
x2
x1
V 2 r xR xL dy ; r y yrotation
y2
y1
xL 2 dy
I.C.
I.C.
I.C.
c. 254pi/3 cu.
d. 356pi/3 cu.
PAPPUS THEOREM
First Proposition of Pappus :A 2 rS
where A is area, S is the length of arc and r is the
distance from the centroid of the arc to the axis
of revolution.
V 2 rA
I.C.
c. 3568.3 cm2
d. 4100.5 cm2
I.C.
20.Determine
c. 4934.8 cu.
d. 6142.5 cu.