Submitted by:

Janaki Muthiah

CONTENTS

Introduction
Development
BCI research on animals
Research on humans
Working principle
BCI technology
Types of BCI
How the information is transmitted
Advantages
Disadvantages
Future scope of brain gate
Conclusion

INTRODUCTION

It converts brain activity into

computer commands.
Designed to help those who have lost
their functionalities.
Boon for visually-challenged people.

DEVELOPMENT
Developed by the Bio-tech
company cyber kinetics.
Department of Neuroscience at
Brown University.

BCI RESEARCH ON ANIMALS

At first rats were implanted with BCI.
Signals were recorded from the
cerebral cortex of the rat operate BCI
to carry out the movement.

BRAIN GATE RESEARCH IN HUMANS

A boon to the paralyzed.
Mathew- Nagal , the first person to
use it.

WORKING PRINCIPLE
Principle It intact with brain function, neural
signals generated are interpreted by the
systems.
A cursor is shown to the user on a computer
screen.
It provides an alternate Brain Gate
pathway". The user can use that cursor to
control the computer, just as a mouse is used.

Brain Gate
Chip
implanted
in human
brain.

WORKING ALGORITHM

BCI TECHNOLOGY
It connect the brain with a computer
system.
Direct communication pathway
between human or animal brain and
external device.
Based on the communicative pathway
BCI is classified as follows.
One way BCI
Two way BCI

TYPES OF BCI TECHNOLOGY

One way BCI
Accept commands or send signals to it but not both.
Two way BCI
Allow brains and external devices to exchange information in both
directions.

Brain gate interface is of three types based on its features:

Invasive BCI
Partially invasive BCI
Non-invasive BCI

WORKING OF BRAIN GATE

It consist of an Inter neural signal sensor and
External Processors.
The sensor consists of a tiny chip.
The chip is implanted on the surface of brain.

WORKING
Converts neural signals into an output signal
under the users own control.
A cable connects the sensor to an external
processor .
Translate brain activity and create the
communication output.

INFORMATION TRANSMISSION
A work is done, then a potential
difference is created in the brain.
It is captured by the electrodes and
is transmitted via fibre optic to the
Digitizer.

(con..)
It converts the signal into some 0s and 1s.
A new path for propagation of brain
commands from the brain to the computer.
They work according to the thoughts
produced in the cortex of the human brain.

HOW THE BRAIN-GATE WORKS?

ADVANTAGES
Controlling remote devices.
Making and receiving
telephone calls.
Accessing the internet.
Turn on or off the lights
Controls robotic arm.
Watch and control television.
Locking and unlocking doors.
Using the PC.

DISADVANTAGES

Expensive.
Risky surgery.
Not a wireless yet.
Difficulty in adaptation and learnings.
Limitation in information transform
rate.Its transmission rate is less than
20 bits/min.

FUTURE SCOPE OF BRAINGATE

Current new advances include a
second-generation interface software
controller that will enable users to
perform a wide variety of daily
activities without any assistances of
technician.
It is smaller and wireless device.
The user will have an improved
control of their body funcations.

CONCLUSION
A revolution in medical field.
The remarkable breakthrough offers
hope that people who are paralyzed
will one day be able to independently
operate.
It is based upon THINKING and not
by manual control which is a
fascinated approach.

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THANK
YOU