Lecture

1: brain
and the
nervous
system

Nervous
system

Central
nervous
system

Peripheral
Nervous
system

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Spinal cord

Brain
Telencephalon
Diencephalon
Midbrain
Metencephalo
n
Myelencephalo

5 Divisions
of the
Brain

TELENCEPHALON

Cerebral Cortex

Limbic System

Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Temporal Lobe

TELENCEPHALON

Cerebral Cortex

Limbic System

Hippocampus
Amygdala
Thalamus
Cingulate Gyrus
Basal Ganglia

DIENCEPHALON

Thalamus

Relays sensory (except for

olfactory) and motor
information to different parts
of the cerbral cortex, and
information between cortical
areas

Hypothalamus

Regulates functioning of
internal organs, motivated
behaviour, temperature,
emotional behaviour,
endocrine system

MIDBRAIN

Tegmentum

Tectum
Superior
colliculi

Inferior
Colliculi

Part of the
visual
system,
involved in
visual
reflexes. E.g.
Blinking

Part of
the
auditory
system

Involved in basic
behaviours. E.g. pain
perception, voluntary
movement, posture
contains reticular formation
which maintains
consciousness, and is
involved in sleep, attention
and arousal

MENTACEPHALON

Cerebellum

Involved in equilibrium,
posture, muscle tone,
coordination, learning,
planning of movements,
and attention

Pons

Contains a section of
the reticular formation
Relays information
from the cerebral
cortex to the
cerebellum

MYELENCEPHALON

Involved in involuntary functions that

are essential for life.
E.g. regulating blood pressure, breathing
Relays sensory information received
from cranial nerves
carries afferent (sensory) information
towards brain and efferent (motor)
information towards spinal cord

Central nervous system

SPINAL CORD

BRAIN
Telencephalon
Diencephalon
Midbrain
Metencephalo
n
Myelencephalo

Carries sensory
information to brain
and motor
information from the
cerebral cortex
Connects a large
part of the peripheral
nervous system to
the brain

Nervous
system

Central
nervous
system

Peripheral
Nervous
system

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Autonomic
NS
Sympathetic
NS
Parasympatheti
c
NS

Somatic NS
Sensory
neurons
Motor
neurons

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

Sympathetic
NS
Flight or Fight response,
involved in activities that
require expenditure of
energy, therefore increases
heart rate, breathing rate,
sweat secretion, etc

Parasympathetic NS

Generally involved in
activities of rest/recovery
that preserve or increase
energy levels in the body,
therefore slows down
processes, e.g. digestion,
heart rate, etc

AP
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