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HISTORY OF EDITING SOFTWARE

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HISTORY OF FILM MAKING

The history of film began in the 1890s, when motion picture cameras were invented
and film production companies started to be established. Because of the limits of
technology, films of the 1890s were under a minute long and until 1927 motion
pictures were produced without sound. The first decade of motion picture saw film
moving from a novelty to an established large-scale entertainment industry. The
films became several minutes long consisting of several shots. The first rotating
camera for taking panning shots was built in 1898. The first film studios were built
in 1897. Special effects were introduced and film continuity, involving action
moving from one sequence into another, began to be used. In the 1900s,
continuity of action across successive shots was achieved and the first close-up
shot was introduced (that some claim D. W. Griffith invented). Most films of this
period were what came to be called "chase films". The first use of animation in
movies was in 1899. The first feature length multi-reel film was a 1906 Australian
production. The first successful permanent theatre showing only films was "The
Nickelodeon" in Pittsburgh in 1905. By 1910, actors began to receive screen credit
for their roles, and the way to the creation of film stars was opened. Regular
newsreels were exhibited from 1910 and soon became a popular way for finding
out the news. Overall, from about 1910, American films had the largest share of
the market in Australia and in all European countries except France.

EARLY NEW TECHNIQUES FOR EDITING

New film techniques were introduced in this period including
the use of artificial lighting, fire effects and low-key lighting
(i.e. lighting in which most of the frame is dark) for
enhanced atmosphere during sinister scenes. As films grew
longer, specialist writers were employed to simplify more
complex stories derived from novels or plays into a form
that could be contained on one reel and be easier to be
understood by the audience an audience that was new to
this form of storytelling. Genres began to be used as
categories; the main division was into comedy and drama,
but these categories were further subdivided. During the
First World War there was a complex transition for the film
industry. The exhibition of films changed from short one-reel
programs to feature films. Exhibition venues became larger
and began charging higher prices. By 1914, continuity
cinema was the established mode of commercial cinema.
One of the advanced continuity techniques involved an
accurate and smooth transition from one shot to another.

D.W.GRIFFITH
David Llewelyn Wark "D.W" Griffith (January 22, 1875 July 23, 1948), known
as the "Inventor of Hollywood", was an American film director, writer, and
producer who pioneered modern filmmaking techniques. He is known for his
ground-breaking films The Birth of a Nation (1915) and Intolerance (1916).
His film The Birth of a Nation made use of advanced camera and narrative
techniques, and its popularity set the stage for the dominance of the
feature-length film in the United States. Since its release, though it has
been critically acclaimed, the film has sparked significant controversy
surrounding race in the United States, focusing on its negative depiction of
African Americans and its glorification of the Ku Klux Klan. Today, it is both
lionized for its radical technique and condemned for its inherently racist
philosophy. Filmed at a cost of $110,000, it returned tens of millions of
dollars in profits, making it, perhaps, the most profitable film of all time,
although a full accounting has never been made. The film was subject to
boycotts by the NAACP and, after screenings of the film had caused riots at
several theatres, the film was censored in many cities, including New York
City. Intolerance, his next film, was, in part, an answer to his critics.

DIGITAL EVOLUTION
Beginning in the late 1980s, Sony began marketing the concept of "electronic cinematography,"
utilizing its analogy Sony HDVS professional video cameras. The effort met with very little
success. However, this led to one of the earliest digitally shot feature movies Julia and Julia to be
produced in 1987. In 1998, with the introduction of HDCAM recorders and 1920 1080 pixel
digital professional video cameras based on CCD technology, the idea, now re-branded as "digital
cinematography," began to gain traction in the market.[citation needed] Shot and released in
1998, The Last Broadcast is believed by some to be the first feature-length video shot and edited
entirely on consumer-level digital equipment.[
In May 1999 George Lucas challenged the supremacy of the movie-making medium of film for the
first time by including footage filmed with high-definition digital cameras in Star Wars: Episode I
The Phantom Menace. The digital footage blended seamlessly with the footage shot on film and
he announced later that year he would film its sequels entirely on hi-def digital video. Also in
1999, digital projectors were installed in four theaters for the showing of The Phantom Menace.
In June 2000, Star Wars: Episode II Attack of the Clones began principal photography shot
entirely using a Sony HDW-F900 camera as Lucas had previously stated. The film was released in
May 2002. In May 2001 Once Upon a Time in Mexico was also shot in 24 frame-per-second highdefinition digital video, partially developed by George Lucas using a Sony HDW-F900 camera,[7]
following Robert Rodriguez's introduction to the camera at Lucas' Skywalker Ranch facility whilst
editing the sound for Spy Kids. Two lesser-known movies, Vidocq (2001) and Russian Ark (2002),
had also been shot with the same camera, the latter notably consisting of a single long take.