ELECTROMAGNETIC

INDUCTION

Presented:

By:
MAIRI SUKMA
1206103030048

B. Magnetic Circuits
Self-Inductance

Reluctance

Transformer
Action
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Self-Inductance
>>

The changing flux through the circuit and the resultant

induced emf arise from the circuit itself.

When the switch is thrown to its closed position, the
current does not immediately jump from zero to its
maximum

value

Faradays

law

of

elecromagnetic

induction can be used to describe this effect as follows: As

the current increases with time, the megnetic flux
through the circuit loop due to this current also
increases with time. This increases flux creates an
induced emf in the circuit. The direction of the induced emf
cause an induced current in the loop.

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Self-Inductance
A self induced emf
is

always

proportional

to

time

rate

of

change

of

the

current.

For

any

coil, we find:

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Self-Inductance

Where

is a proportionality constant called the

inductance of the coil depends on the geometry of

the coil other physical characteristics.

The SI unit of inductance is the henry (H), which

as we can see from eq. above is 1 volt-second per
ampere:

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Joseph Henry
American Physicist (1797-1878)
Henry became the first director
of the Smithsonian Institution
and first president of the
Academy of Natural Science. He
improved the design of the
electromagnet and constructed
one of the first motors. He also
discovered the phenomenon of
self-induction but failed to
publish his findings. The unit of
inductance, the henry, is named
in his honor.

North Magnetic Pole Enclosed The Coil

S
If the current increase, the
increasing magnetic flux
creates an induced emf.

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S
N

North Magnetic Pole Closed The Coil

If the current decrease,

the magnetic flux creates
an induced emf become
decrease too.
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Self-Inductance for Solenoidal Coil

And Toroidal Coil.

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Reluctance

Reluctance is when the flux then play the same role as

the current in electronic circuits so that we define the

magnetic analog to resistance.
a. Reluctances in Series: For the iron core of infinite
permeability with two finitely permeable gaps the
reluctance of each gap.
b. Reluctances in Parallel: For the iron core is filled with
two permeable materials, each material sees the same
magnetomotive force.
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Reluctance
a. Reluctances
in series add

b. Reluctances
in
add.
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parallel

Transformer Action
Transformer
is a device that
can

change

the

alternating
voltage

and

current

without

causing
appreciable
change

in

the

power delivered..
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a. Voltage are not Unique

Voltages are not unique in the presence of a time varying

magnetic field.

Consider two small resistor forming

enclosing one leg of a closed magnetic circuit.

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a loop

b. Ideal Transformator

An ideal trafo relates primary and secondary voltages

by the ratio of turn while the currents are in the inverse

ratio.

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c. Real Transformator

In real trafo the nonlinear hysteresis loop cause a

nonlonear primary current with an open circuit secondary

event though the imposed sinusoidal voltage
fluks to be sinusidal. So, the magnetic field

Anf the voltage:

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fixed the

C. Faradays Law For

Moving Media
The Electric Field
Transformation

Ohms Law for

Moving Conductor

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Faradays Disk

The Electric Field Transformation

If a point charge q travels with a velocity v through a

region with electric field E and magnetic field B it

experience the combine Coulomb- Lorentz Force:
The moving observer will then say that there is no
Lorentz force, only a Coulomb force:
The force measured by two inertial observer be the same
so that F=F:

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Ohms Law for Moving Conductors

The electric field transformation is especially important

in modifying Ohms law for moving conductors. For

nonrelativistic velocities, an observer moving along at the
same velocity as an Ohmic conductor measures the usual
Ohms law in his reference frame
Assumsing the conduction process is unaffected by the
motion. The Galilean relativity for systems with no free
charge, the current density in all inertia frames is same.

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Ohms Law for Moving Conductors

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Ohms Law for Moving Conductors

Applying

Fardays law

Related to the terminal current as

The terminal voltage is then

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Faradays Disk
(Homopolar Generator)
a.

Imposed Magnetic Field: that the magnetic field is

generated by an
magnetic circuit

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turn coil wound on surrounding

Faradays Disk
(Homopolar Generator)
b.

Self-Excited Generator: for generator operation it is

necesary to turn the saft and supply a field current to

generate the magnetic field. Kirchoffs voltage law around
the loop is

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