Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Lect 10 PhaseI
Lect 10 PhaseI
Expected Outcome
Key concepts:
Phase
Phase diagram and tie line
Liquidus and solidus
Phase fraction and level rule
Skills:
Draw illustrations of phase microstructure
Determine what phases exist given phase diagram
Construct phase diagram given liquidus and solidus Ts
Determine phase fraction using level rule
Question:
How many phases are in saltwater solution?
How many phases are in ice water?
How many phases exist in the plain carbon steel shown in figure 1?
Fe3C
Nearly
pure Fe
Black carbon-rich
Gray almost pure iron
T e m pe r a t u r e
Liquid
% Sugar
Figure 3: Solubility limits change with temperature.
Binary Alloys
Liquids can dissolve other substances, such as salt in water, forming a
homogeneous single phase. Similarly, some solids are soluble in one another.
Example: most gold jewelry contains some dissolved silver to strengthen it
and improve wear properties.
Solid Solutions: A homogeneous solid mixture of two or more elements
Low-Temperature precipitates form
Cooling
Tin
Lead
Many solid and liquid solutions have solubility limits, which depends on
temperature. If the limit is exceeded, it results in the formation of a
secondary phase.
Black lead-rich
White tin-rich
Liquidus
Example:
Silicon
germanium
phase diagram
Solidus
Question:
Tie Line: The composition of each phase is given by the intersection of the
horizontal temperature line with the boundaries of each phase region. This
is shown in the figure.
The tie line in this solid solution phase diagram shows how the composition
of two separate phases can be found at 1200C.
Phase Fraction
Definition: The fraction of the bulk material which exists as a given phase.
Example: A glass of ice water contains 25% ice by weight and 75% liquid by
weight
The phase fraction is determined using the lever rule. Think of the tie line as
a lever balanced on the vertical line which represents the overall composition.
T e m pe r a t u r e
L+
Tie Line
Fs
A
wl
Fl
w0
ws
Weight Percent B
Fl
Fs
ws w0
ws wl
w0 wl
ws wl
Activity: In the silicon germanium phase diagram, what are the weight
fractions of the solid and liquid present for the temperature of the tie line
shown (1200 C) and an overall composition of 30 wt. % Si?
Expected Outcome
Key concepts:
Phase
Phase diagram and tie line
Liquidus and solidus
Phase fraction and level rule
Skills:
Draw illustrations of phase microstructure
Determine what phases exist given phase diagram
Construct phase diagram given liquidus and solidus Ts
Determine phase fraction using level rule