3G INTRODUCTION

3G System

3G Systems are intended to provide a

global mobility with wide range of
services including telephony, paging,
messaging, Internet and broadband data.
Universal Mobile Telecommunication
System (UMTS)
UMTS is one of the Third Generation (3G)
mobile systems being developed within
the ITU's IMT-2000 framework.

UMTS Services

UMTS offers teleservices (like speech or

SMS) and bearer services, which provide
the capability for information transfer
between access points.

UMTS Network Services

Have differentQoS classesfor four types of traffic

Conversational class (voice, video

telephony, video gaming)
Streaming class (multimedia, video on
demand, webcast)
Interactive class (web browsing, network
gaming, database access
Background class (email, SMS,
downloading)

Bearer services
Offereddata ratetargets are:

144 kbits/s: satellite and rural outdoor

384 kbits/s: urban outdoor
2048 kbits/s and higher data rates:
indoor and low range outdoor
21.4 Mbps and 42.8 Mbps have been
launched in some areas like U.A.E

144 kbits/s and 384 kbits/s are called

R99. (Release 99)

Higher Data rates are called HSPA (High

speed Packet Access)

HSUPA: High speed uplink Packet Access

HSDPA: High speed Downlink packet
Access

Frequency Band

Frequency band
2100 MHz
Uplink/Downlink Band
5MHz
Uplink Frequency band
1920 to 1980
MHz
Downlink Frequency band 2110 to 2170
MHz
UARFCN is the channel number

UARFCN

The UARFCN (UTRA Absolute Radio Frequency

Channel Number) is the channel number
representing the full 5 MHz UMTS carrier.
Only 3.84MHz is used for transmission, while
the 1160 kHz acts as a built-in guard-band to
adjacent UARFCN's (580kHz + 3840kHz +
580kHz = 5MHz).
If an operator owns the adjacent frequency
bands, it is possible to reduce the size of the
UMTS carrier from 5MHz to 4.4 or 4.2 MHZ,
but this is not recommended.

CPICH & Scrambling Codes

The Common Pilot Indication Channel (CPICH) is broadcast

from every cell
It carries no information and can be thought of as a
beacon "constantly transmitting the Scrambling Code of
the cell
It is this beacon that is used by the phone for its cell
measurements for network acquisition and handover
purposes (Ec, Ec/Io)
Every cell contains different Scrambling code
Total scrambling codes are 0 to 511 i.e. 512 Codes
Wide range of scrambling codes reduces frequency clashes
Golden Rule: If the UE cant see the CPICH the UE cant
see the cell.

3G Coverage Measurements

Initial 3G network optimization will be

performed purely from CPICH measurements
Three key related measurements for 3G
optimization are Ec, Io & Ec/Io.
Ec: The Received Signal Level of a particular
CPICH (dBm)
Io: The Total Received Power in dBm
(Including Background Noise)
Ec/Io: The CPICH Quality (The ratio of the
above two values)
RSCP: Receive Signal Code Power

3G Drive Test

Two MS and one scanner used for 3G

Drive Test.
MS1 Idle
MS2 Dedicated
MS3 Scanner, Scans 2G and 3G data
Tems Investigation Data collection is used
for Drive Test.

3G Scanners

Dual band (3G/2G) scanner are used.

DTI scanner has added benefit of 2G
scanning.
Ideal for 3G-2G neighbor optimization as
well as 2G optimization.

SOAR

Site On Air Acceptance Report

Includes SSV and Single site Drive Test
SSV: Single Site Verification Test
SOAR report is attached for your
reference

Micros oft Office

Word 97 - 2003 Document

SSV

Single Site Verification Test

SSV test is performed at every cell, SSV Includes
Voice calls
Video Calls
SMS
MMS
3G to 2G HO
2G to 3G Cell reselection (As 2G to 3G HO is not allowed in
many networks)
R99 DL/UL
HSDPA
HSUPA
If operator has more than one UARFCN than SSV will be
performed at every UARFCN.

IBS Drive Test

IBS: Indoor Base station

Includes SSV & Walk Test for all sectors
Out door to in door HO and Indoor to
Outdoor HO is also required for IBS
Tems Mobile Pocket View can also be
used for walk test
IBS report is attached for your reference

Micros oft Office

Word 97 - 2003 Document

R99 and HSPA Test

R99 is done through MS

R99 can be done by HSPA data card.
While HSPA test is done by HSPA Data
card as Ms cant deal with high data rates
like 21.4 Mbps or greater data rates.
Many of MS cant deal with more than 3.5
Mbps.
Du meter is used for throughputs
calculations during Test.

AS, MN and DN

AS: Active Set, Include the cells sharing

the radio resources
Maximum 3 cells can be in Active Set
state in one time
MN, Monitor Set, Includes neighbor
information
DN: Detecting neighbor, includes the
information of detecting neighbor. MS
receives good RSCP of not added
neighbor cells.

Event1A, 1B and 1C

1A: It will Add the monitor(Candidate Set)

to Active Sent
1B: It will move the Active Set cell to
Monitor Set
1C: Replacement between Active Set cells
on the bases of Ec/Io.
These Events are occur in dedicated
mode.
If one of these event could not trigger
due to any reason, call will be dropped.

Handovers in WCDMA

Various handover types exist in WCDMA

Those between WCDMA sites (intrasystem HO)

Those between WCDMA and GSM (intersystem HO)

SHO

Softer handover/Soft Handover

During SHO, MS uses the resources of both
cells, source and the target cell at the same
time
Softer handover occurs between sectors of
the same Site
Soft Handover occurs between the sectors of
the same RNC
For both softer and soft it is the Ec/Io levels
used to determine whether a cell should be
added or removed from the active set

Inter frequency HO

Inter frequency handover occurs between

two WCDMA carriers (UARFCN)
Will be used once operator deploys its
second carrier, for microcell layer or
capacity purposes

Inter system HO

Inter system handover occurs between

3G and 2G sites
As with all handovers, accurate
adjacencies will be required 3G & 2G

Pilot Pollution

In scan mode, when 3 or more than 3

pilots are serving at the same place with
RSCP better than -100 dBm and Ec/No is
better than -15 than there will be pilot
pollution.
New Sites: Additional sites may reduce
pilot pollution by bringing dominance to
an area
Solution: 3G Scanner Survey, Analysis,
Downtilts, New Sites

The End