Genpacco, Inc. What is First Aid? Goals of First Aid Characteristics of a Good First Aider GENTLE - First alder should not ‘cause, infict pain as much as possible efron cine Naina Re rot Characteristics of a Good First Aider RESOURCEFUL - Makes the best use af things at hand efron cine Naina Re rot Characteristics of a Good First Aider OBSERVANT Should notice all signs. Aware of what is happening and what may happen efron cine Naina Re rotCharacteristics of a Good First Aider TACTFUL a - Handling the victim with utmost care and in 2 calm manner, efron cine Naina Re rot Characteristics of a Good First Aider EMPHATIC - Should be comforting. Characteristics of a Good First Aider RESPECTABLE - Maintains a professional and caring attitude efron cine Naina Re rot Getting Started 1. Planningof Action — Established based on anticipated needs and available resources. + Example: Getting to know where the First Aid Kits are located as well as other emergency equipment such as fre extingushers, ire alarm switches and ire ext. ‘Alsoby being aware ofthe emergency numbers such as “Ambulance providers, Hospital emergency room, Fire department and police stations. Getting Started 2. Gathering of needed materials — Preparation of equipment and personnel. - mie ooGetting Started Response (Sequence of actions) Ask for HELP + In Intervene. Give ‘SAFETY FIRST! * SURVEY THE SCENE —Isthe scene safe? Safe for you and the injured person? = What happened? — How many people are injured? ~ Are there someone who can help? — Get consent before giving first aid care. Cardio - Pulmonary Resuscitation Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a lifesaving technique useful in many ‘emergencies, including heart attack or near drowning, in which someone's breathing or heartbeat has stopped. Thisis a combination of chest compressions and rescue breaths. esac p/m mayen agit aft one ol 20056500 "ine MtnSurvey The Scene + Isthe scene safe for you and the vietimn? «+ Isthere someone who can help? ifthe scene is secure for you to perform first aid, kindly proceed by introducing your self and asking if you can help. - this enables you to gain the trust of the victim as well as the people around the scene. ‘TAP BOTH SHOULDERS AND ASK THE ‘VICTIM FOR WHAT HAPPENED. TAKE NOTE OF THE APPROPRIATENESS OF ‘VERBAL RESPONSE, ‘CHECK FOR THE PATENCY OF NOSTRILS AND MOUTH. USING HEAD TILT CHIN LIFTCHECK FOR BREATH SOUNDS AS WELL AS THE RISE AND FALL OF THE CHEST. (NOTE FOR DIFFICULTY OF BREATHING. Normal Respiratory Rate: 18 -24 Respirations per Minute CHECK FOR PULSE. CAROTID OR RADIALNormal Pulse Rate: 60-80 Beats per Minute Conditions When CPR is Needed * The victim is UNCONSCIOUS, + PULSE is WEAK or NO PULSE. * NO BREATHING / DIFFICULTY IN BREATHING Cardiac Arrest caused by Coronary Heart Disease, Dysrhythmias, Respiratory arrest, Electrocution, Drowning, Choking, and Trauma. Chest Compressions * Using the heel of the palm, interlaced with the other hand, perform 30 compressions. Approximately 2 inches deep on the middle of the chest just in line with the sternum. Chest Compressions * A cycle of chest compression is composed of 30 compressions at a rate of 80 - 100 per minute. * After a cycle, 2 Rescue breaths are administered.Rescue Breaths * Giving oxygen via mouth—to—mouth, —HEAD TILT CHIN LIFT, pinch the nose and give a full blow of air directly to the mouth ‘twice. Note for the rise and fall of the chest. * Ifthe chest did not move, check for airway patency or re tilt the head. CPR Cycles * Scycles composed of: Cycle 1 -30 compressions ~2 rescue breaths Cycle2 - 30 compressions ~2 rescue breaths And so on and so forth until the 5" cycle. CPR Cycles * Re assess the victim after 5 cycles using the primary survey. When to STOP the CPR ‘Spontaneous signs of circulation restored ‘Tumed over to medical services or authorized personnel Operator is already exhausted and cannot continue CPR Physician assumes the responsibility re of the Victim After Successful CPR + Transfer in a secured place. * Place in a side lying position - Recovery position. * Wait for the emergency response unit and continuously monitor the victim.* Isa break in the continuity of a tissue of the body either internal or external Classifications: * Closed Wound * Open Wound (nine Noto Bt rss) Closed Wound * Breakin the continuity of a body tissue without the skin being broken down. * Causes: = Blunt object result in contusion or bruises — Application of external forces. Closed Wound * Signs and Symptoms — Pain and tenderness — swelling ~ Discoloration ~ Hematoma Closed Wound * First Aid Management ai id: it i i ned wound conden. lee Compress. Apply ie compress tothe affected areas. Iepromotes vasoconstriction and ithas an anaesthetic effect ‘Compression. Application of firm pressure, Yo avoid further hematoma, r_ J) venous return of blood and avoid pooling in the area Splinting. For immobilizing the affected area. This helps = Closed Wound * Perform further assessment and put the injured person under observation, SEEK FOR MEDICAL ADVISE IF: = The pain is unbearable = Hematomais spreading = The affected area is the head (including face and neck) = Involves the spine area, ~ Bleeding is noted in mouth, ears and nose. = Coughing and vomiting of blood.Open Wound * is an injury involving an external or internal break in body tissue, usually involving the skin. Open Wound * Classifications: ‘Puncture wound caused by sharp & pointed object: Penetrating the skin, ¢+Abrasion — caused by rubbing/scrapping of the skin against rough surfaces, ‘Laceration — the skin is torn by sharp objects with Inregular edges. ‘avulsion tissues are forcefully separated from the body. ‘incision skin and tissues are cut by.a sharp bladed Instrument, Dangers of an Open Wound + Hemorrhage- severe bleeding, * Infection— introduction of bacteria/parasites. + Shock— decreased in circulatory (blood) volume. (a fatal condition) A First Aid Management for Open Wounds * For wounds with severe bleeding, First Aid Management for Open Wounds * For wounds with severe bleeding, First Aid Management for Open Wounds * For wounds with severe bleeding,First Aid Management for Open Wounds * For wounds with severe bleeding, % First Aid Management for Open Wounds * For wounds with mild to moderate bleeding. CLEAN Sy First Aid Management for Open Wounds * For wounds with mild to moderate bleeding. ee 2a Coes ae Cee eet First Aid Management for Open Wounds * For wounds with mild to moderate bleeding. * Is an injury involving the skin, including muscles, bones, nerves and blood vessels. This results from exposure to direct heat (fire), chemicals, electricity, solar or other forms of radiation. Classifications: Thermal Burns — Chemical Burns = Electrical Burns Thermal Burns * THERMAL BURNS caused by direct or indirect contact to flames and other hot objects, steams or liquids.Thermal Burns * Classified in to 3 according to depth & severity FIRST DEGREE BURN Ze Affects only the first (epidermis) layer of the skin, ‘Very painful and skin is red. Thermal Burns * Classified in to 3 according to depth & severity SECOND ~~‘ DEGREE : BURN ‘Affects the first and second layer (epidermis + dermis) of the shin. Blisters are expected to form, Thermal Burns * Classified in to 3 according to depth & severity THIRD = DEGREE =~ BURN x ‘Affects the first and second layer of the skin and may extend vp to the proximal subcutaneous tissues. Usually less painful. First Aid Care for Thermal Burns * For First and Second Degree Burn. ci First Aid Care for Thermal Burns * For First and Second Degree Burn. First Aid Care for Thermal Burns * For Third Degree Burns,First Aid Care for Thermal Burns * For Third Degree Burns. Chemical Burns * Burns caused by direct contact of chemical into skin. — Carbattery Solutions — Hydrochloric Acid (Muriatic) = Bleach = Ammonia First Aid Care for Chemical Burns First Aid Care for Chemical Burns ae ea ae aaa First Aid Care for Chemical Burns First Aid Care for Chemical Burns