Minimizing Drilling Risk through

Full Spectrum Overpressure Analysis

Antoni Budhi Prasetyo 22215016
Deny Fatryanto 22215031
Ken Prabowo B.D.S

22215013

Outline
Introduction
Overpressure Generating
Mechanism
Pre-drilling Assessment
While Drilling Assessment
Post Mortem Analysis
Case Study
Conclusion

Minimizing
Drilling Risk
through Full
Spectrum
Overpressure

Outline
Introduction
Overpressure Generating
Mechanism
Pre-drilling Assessment
While Drilling Assessment
Post Mortem Analysis
Case Study
Conclusion

Minimizing
Drilling Risk
through Full
Spectrum
Overpressure

Introduction
Global distribution of Overpressure

Indonesia
(Mitchell & Mouchet, 1976)

Pore pressure as in inherent part of a rock formation.

Drilling a well requires accurate estimation of the pore pressure.
Certain geological condition could induce abnormally high pore
pressure.

Introduction (cont'd)
BPJ-1

Nadiahs home
(estimated)

(Neal Adams, 2006)

Ignorance of overpressure could led to a disastrous result.

Outline
Introduction
Overpressure Generating
Mechanism
Pre-drilling Assessment
While Drilling Assessment
Post Mortem Analysis
Case Study
Conclusion

Minimizing
Drilling Risk
through Full
Spectrum
Overpressure

Overpressure Generating Mechanism

Terzaghi

Overpressure
SV= overburden stress
= effective stress
PP= pore pressure

(Bowers, 2002)

Overpressure occurs when the pore pressure is higher than the hydrostatic level.
There are two mechanism that generates overpressure: loading and unloading.

Overpressure Generating Mechanism (cont'd)

Loading

Increasing overburden
Constant effective stress
Increasing overpressure
Example:
Disequilibrium compaction
Tectonic compression

Loading mechanism is a race between the

escaping water and the increasing overburden
layers.
Rapid sedimentation in environment like delta is
prone to such mechanism.

Overpressure Generating Mechanism (cont'd)

Unloading

Constant overburden
Decreasing effective stress
Increasing overpressure
Example:
Hydrocarbon generation
Aquathermal expansion
Clay diagenetic process
Erosion

(Swarbrick and Osborne, 1998)

The increasing volume of fluid enhances the

pore pressure.
Loss of matrix reduce the effective stress.

Overpressure Generating Mechanism (cont'd)

Eaton (1975)

Bower (1995)

SV = overburden
stress
P = pore pressure
Pn= normal pore
pressure
tn= normal sonic
t= sonic log

'V = effective stress

max = maximum effective stress
A,B,U = empirical constant

Overpressure could be estimated by using Eaton and Bower

equation

Outline
Introduction
Overpressure Generating
Mechanism
Pre-drilling Assessment
While Drilling Assessment
Post Mortem Analysis
Case Study
Conclusion

Minimizing
Drilling Risk
through Full
Spectrum
Overpressure

Pre-Drilling Assessment
Pre-drilling assessment could be done using various tools such as:
Regional Geology
Gravity
The most reliable tool
Seismic

Top of Overpressure

(Formento, 2004)

Pre-Drilling Assessment (cont'd)

(Formento, 2004)

Location for a new well could be assessed as long as its located within
the seismic data.

Outline
Introduction
Overpressure Generating
Mechanism
Pre-drilling Assessment
While Drilling Assessment
Post Mortem Analysis
Case Study
Conclusion

Minimizing
Drilling Risk
through Full
Spectrum
Overpressure

While Drilling
Assessment
Overpressure could also be detected onsite based on drilling
parameters.

dexponent

d = dexponent
R = rate of
penetration
N = Rotary speed
W = Weight on bit
B = bit size

(Herriot Watt University)

Mud weight correction

dc = corrected
dexponent
d = dexponent
MWn = normal mud
weight
Mwa = actual mud
weight

Outline
Introduction
Overpressure Generating
Mechanism
Pre-drilling Assessment
While Drilling Assessment
Post Mortem Analysis
Case Study
Conclusion

Minimizing
Drilling Risk
through Full
Spectrum
Overpressure

Post Mortem Analysis

Disequilibrium compaction

Unloading Mechanism

(Mitchell & Mouchet, 1976)

Wireline logs record the characteristic of the rocks and fluids below the surface.
The top of overpressure could be determined qualitatively.
Pore pressure could be estimated quantitatively through petrophysical analysis.
The logs respond to overpressure varies depending on its mechanism.

Post Mortem Analysis

(cont'd)

An example of overburden stress and pore pressure estimation.

Overburden Stress

Pore Pressure Calculation

Shale
Shal
e

Sand

Sand

Shale

Outline
Introduction
Overpressure Generating
Mechanism
Pre-drilling Assessment
While Drilling Assessment
Post Mortem Analysis
Case Study
Conclusion

Minimizing
Drilling Risk
through Full
Spectrum
Overpressure

Case Study
Overpressure in the Lower Kutai Basin was thought
to be caused by disequilibrium compaction.
Ramdan (2011) reinterpreted the data and
concluded that the overpressure was caused by
unloading mechanism rather than loading.

(Ramdan, 2011)

Case Study (cont'd)

SS-4

(Ramdan, 2011)

Overpressure
Overpressure

Case Study (cont'd)

Since overpressure is generated by gas generation, overpressure lateral distribution could

simply be traced by following the gas window.
(Duval et
al.,1998)

Case Study (cont'd)

Eaton assumed the dominant forces is the overburden stress.
Eatons equation tends to underestimate overpressure caused by unloading.
The equation was derived from GOMs data, locality is arguable.

Storage pores:
Density >> RHOB
Porosity >> NPHI
Connecting pores:
Sonic >> DTCO
Resisticity >> ILD, LLS, ILM

Case Study (cont'd)

Bowers equation gave a better match to the

direct formation pressure measurement with RFT

(Ramdan, 2011)

Case Study (cont'd)

Well OCT COST North Aleutian 1

2 trends of compaction

Top of Overpressure

OVERPRESSURE ZONE

Reversal of sonic and density log indicated the presence of

overpressure zone caused by unloading.
Cross plot of RHOB and DT shows two trends of compaction.
Upscaled seismic model shows the lateral distribution of
overpressure zone.

Case Study (cont'd)

OCS COST North Aleutian 1
Quartenary
Milky River

Tolstoi

Stepova
k

Bear Lake

Oil window@ 8675 ft

Gas window@ 13270 ft

The hard-overpressure starts with onset of gas generation.

Burial history simulation is a cheaper way to analyze the onset
of hydrocarbon generation.

Case Study (cont'd)

A new well could also be simulated through burial

history

Outline
Introduction
Overpressure Generating
Mechanism
Pre-drilling Assessment
While Drilling Assessment
Post Mortem Analysis
Case Study
Conclusion

Minimizing
Drilling Risk
through Full
Spectrum
Overpressure

Conclusion
1. Pore pressure could be estimated before, while and after the
drilling operation is conducted.
2. Data obtained from every step of the operation should be
integrated.
3. Comprehensive understanding of the overpressure
generation mechanism is important to determine its
magnitude and distribution which in turn could be used to
manage operational risk.

Thank you! Any question?

Antoni Budhi Prasetyo 22215016 - 085716164403
Deny Fatryanto 22215031
Ken Prabowo B.D.S

22215013

References
1. Duval,B.C., C.Cassaigneau, G.Choppin de Janvry, B.Loiret , M. Leo, Alibi and
Y. Grosjean, (1998), Impact of the petroleum system approach to
exploration and appraisal efficiency in the Mahakam Delta: Proceedings of
the 26th Annual Convention of the Indonesian Petroleum Association.
2. Fermento, J.L, (2004), Seismic Pore Pressure Prediction, EAGE, Paris.
3. Mouchet, J.P., Mitchell, P. ,(1989), Abnormal Pressure while Drilling,
Boussens, Elf Aquitaine.
4. Neal Adams Services, (2006), Causation Factors for the Banjar Panji No.1
Blowout, Jakarta
5. Ramdan, A.M., Goulty, N.R., (2011), Overpressure and Compaction in the
Lower Kutai Basin, Indonesia: A radical reapparaisal, AAPG Bulletin.
6. Swarbrick, R.E. and M.J. Osborne, 1998, Mechanisms that generate
abnormal pressures: an overview, in Law, B.E., G.F. Ulmishek, and V.I. Slavin
eds., Abnormal pressures in hydrocarbon environments: AAPG Memoir 70,