PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY (BIO1100)

PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY LAB (BIO1100L)

NG TH PHNG THO
Doctor of Philosophy

Faculty of Biology, University of Natural Sciences

National University of Ho Chi Minh City

Chapter 01

A View of Life

What is Biology ???

Living things come in an astounding variety of shapes and forms

Biologists study life in many different ways

Dinosaur fossil

Brewers yeast

What is Biology?

"No matter what brings you to biology, you

will find the study of life to be challenging
and uplifting. Do not let the details of biology
spoil a good time. The complexity of life is
inspiring, but it can be overwhelming."

Biology is the study

of living things
the science of life

What is Biology ???

Biology is the study of living thingsthe science of life.

What is life?
What characteristics do define life?

 What is life?
What makes something alive?

snorkel

If it moves, its alive???

No

canister

rock
flippers

NON LIVING MATTERS

sand

What characteristics do define life?

What is human body made from ???

Cardiovascular system
Digestive system
Nervous sys tem
Respiratory system
Excretory system

Hierarchy of Biological Order

Properties of Life

All living organisms share five basic

characteristics:

1.Order

All organisms consist of one or more cells with

highly ordered structures:

-Atoms make up molecules, which construct

cellular organelles, which are contained within cells

-Hierarchical organization continues at higher

levels in multicellular organisms and among organisms

12

Hierarchical
organization

in multicellular
organisms

- and among
organisms

Levels of Biological Organization

15

.
.
.
.

group of wild-cats live in same area should be define as:

Community
Population
Ecosystem
Biosphere

Swallows fly to the south before winter coming

because of they have characteristic of living thing which ca
a. Homeostatis
b. Regulation
c. Sensitivity and Response
d. Reproduction

Biological classification

What is life?

What characteristics do define life?

1.Order

All organisms consist of one or more cells with

highly ordered structures:

-Atoms make up molecules, which construct

cellular organelles, which are contained within cells

-Hierarchical organization continues at higher

levels in multicellular organisms and among organisms

Your pupils dilate when you walk into a dark room

.and

your eyes blink

when you see the sun directly

Gecko changes color to fit itself

in the appropriate environment

2. Sensitivity
All organisms respond to stimuli

Plants grow toward a source of

light

Respond to Stimuli

23

What is life?

What characteristics do define life?

1.Order
2. Sensitivity (Respond to Stimuli)

25

Acquiring

Peter
has
lunch
with
fired-fish
at
12h.
At 1PM, fired-fish will go toand process in his
body to convert fish protein to Peters protein

a. Synthesis, energy
b. mitosis, digested
c. Catabolism, anabolism
d. Stomach and nucleus

All organisms need to acquire protein and starch to get energy

for living

a. true
b. false

h
rth

h
i i nnce
in
arie
th
crerta
ta
in bo
bu
ond
und
ariess

Acquire & Process Food

27

3. Growth, development, and reproduction

All organisms are capable of growing and reproducing

.and

they all possess hereditary molecules that are passed to their offspring,

ensuring that the offspring are of the same species

although crystals also grow

their growth does not

involve hereditary molecules

Genetic information is storage in DNA (RNA)

Reproduce and Develop

32

What is life?

What characteristics do define life?

1.Order
2. Sensitivity (Respond to Stimuli)
3. Growth, development, and reproduction

4. Regulation
All organisms have regulatory mechanisms that coordinate the organisms
internal functions

Neurodegeneration disease
(Parkinson, Alzheimer, ect..)

These functions include supplying cells with nutrients

transporting substances through the organism, and many others

What is life?

What characteristics do define life?

1.Order
2. Sensitivity (Respond to Stimuli)
3. Growth, development, and reproduction
4. Regulation

5. Homeostasis
All organisms
conditions

maintain

relatively

constant

internal

different from their environment

a process called homeostasis

Characteristics define life:

All living things share certain key characteristics:

Order

Sensitivity

Growth, development,
. and reproduction

Regulation

Homeostasis

un
un ititoo ffaa llll lili fe
fe

Defining Life

41

Origin of Life
Origin of the Life

Single Cellular Organisms

Prokatyotic Organisms: Bacteria; Archea
Eukaryotic Organisms: Yeast; Protist

Organisms
Multiple Cellular Organisms
All
Multiple
Organism
Animal

Organism

Eukaryotic

Non chordate animal

Non-vertebrate animal
Chordate animal
Vertebrate animal
Non vascular plant

Plant

is

Due to the primitive earth's atmosphere was a

reducing type of atmosphere and not oxidising type,
the original type of life should be:
a.very big, strong and powerful
b. an organism does not need to use energy and
organic compound
c.

an organism which scientists

fossil very early time of the earth

found

its

d. able to do photosynthesis and left its fossil in

very early time of the earth

Theories on Origin of Life

Philosophers and scientists from time immemorial have attempted to
explain how and where life originated on this planet earth. Today, earth is
the only planet where life exists. However, when the earth was formed
about 4.8 billion years ago, there was absolutely no sign of life on earth.
The first form of life is said to have appeared about 3.8 billion years ago.

Theory of Special Creation

all the different forms of life that occur today on planet earth, have been
created by God, the Almighty

Special creation theory believes that the things have not undergone any
significant change since their creation.

Theories on Origin of Life

Theory of Spontaneous Generation

Assumed that living organisms could arise suddenly and

spontaneously from any kind of non-living matter

believed that dead leaves falling from a tree into a pond would transform
into fishes
and those falling on soil would transform into worms and insects

This theory was disapproved, as scientists gave definite proof that life
comes from pre-existing life

Spallanzani (1765)

Pasteur (1864)

Theories on Origin of Life

Theory of Catastrophism
simply a modification of the theory of Special Creation

It states that there have been several creations of life by God, each
preceded by a catastrophe resulting from some kind of geological
disturbance

since each catastrophe completely destroyed the

existing life, each new creation consisted of life
form different from that of previous ones.

Theories on Origin of Life

Theory of Panspermia
life has reached this planet Earth from other heavenly bodies such as
meteorites, in the form of highly resistance spores of some organisms.

This theory lacks evidence, hence it was discarded.

Arrhenius, 1908

Theories on Origin of Life

1923

1928

Theory of Chemical Evolution

Origin of life on earth is the result of a slow and gradual
process of chemical evolution that probably occurred about
3.8 billion years ago.

According to this theory:

Spontaneous generation of life, under the present environmental
conditions is not possible.
Earth's surface and atmosphere during the first billion years of existence,
were radically different from that of today's conditions.

The primitive earth's atmosphere was a reducing type of atmosphere and

not oxidising type.
The first life arose from a collection of chemical substances through a
progressive series of chemical reactions.
Solar radiation, heat radiated by earth and lighting must have been the
chief energy source for these chemical reactions.

A good and realizable way which scientists use to prove

that the living arise from non-living thing at the very
early age of the earth is:
a. Create an living body from some chemical compounds
b. Create a cell from some chemical compound because
cell is unite of life
c. Prove that some necessary organic compound of cell
were formed from simple chemical molecular
d. Find some very old fossil and analysis

Millers & Ureys

Apparatus & Experiment.

51

Miller-Urey Experimental Results

52

Theory about the Origin of

Cell

53

Origin of the First

Cell(s)

54

The Earths First Organisms?