ICT 33

Computer Organization and Architecture

with Assembly Language

Objectives
Define the organization and architecture of the
computer
Discuss the importance of computer
organization and architecture
Identify the components of the structure and its
functions
Differentiate computer architecture from
computer organization

Topics
Organization and Architecture
Structure and Functions
Studying Computer Architecture

Introduction
Computer Architecture
attributes of a system visible to a programmer
attributes that have a direct impact on the logical
execution of a program
Instruction set, number of bits used for data
representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing
techniques

Introduction
Computer Organization
How features are implemented
operational units and their interconnections that
realize the architectural specifications
Control signals, interfaces, memory technology

Introduction
All Intel x86 family share the same basic
architecture
Organization differs between different versions
This gives code compatibility

Structure and Function

Structure
The way in which components relate to each
other

Function
Operation of individual components as part of the
structure

Structure and Function

Source: Stallings, William. 2010.

Computer Organization and
Architecture. 8th edition. pp 11

Structure and Function

Source: Stallings, William. 2010.

Computer Organization and
Architecture. 8th edition. pp 11

Structure and Function

Source: Stallings, William. 2010.

Computer Organization and
Architecture. 8th edition. pp 11

Structure and Function

Source: Stallings, William. 2010.

Computer Organization and
Architecture. 8th edition. pp 11

Structure and Function

Source: Stallings, William. 2010.

Computer Organization and
Architecture. 8th edition. pp 11

Structure and Function

Data Movement

Source: Stallings, William. 2010.

Computer Organization and
Architecture. 8th edition. pp 11

Structure and Function

Storage

Source: Stallings, William. 2010.

Computer Organization and
Architecture. 8th edition. pp 11

Structure and Function

Processing from/ to
storage

Source: Stallings, William. 2010.

Computer Organization and
Architecture. 8th edition. pp 11

Structure and Function

Processing from storage to
IO

Source: Stallings, William. 2010.

Computer Organization and
Architecture. 8th edition. pp 11

Structure and Function

Source: Stallings, William. 2010.

Computer Organization and
Architecture. 8th edition. pp 13

Structure and Function

Peripherals

Computer
Central
Processing
Unit

Computer

Systems
Interconnection

Input
Output
Communication
lines
Source: Stallings, William. 2010.
Computer Organization and
Architecture. 8th edition. pp 13

Main
Memory

Structure and Function

CPU
Computer

Arithmetic
and
Login Unit

Registers

I/O
System
Bus

CPU

Memory

Internal CPU
Interconnection

Control
Unit

Source: Stallings, William. 2010.

Computer Organization and
Architecture. 8th edition. pp 13

Structure and Function

Control Unit
CPU

Sequencing
Login

ALU
Internal
Bus

Control
Unit

Registers

Control Unit
Registers and
Decoders

Control
Memory

Source: Stallings, William. 2010.

Computer Organization and
Architecture. 8th edition. pp 13

Thank you!