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Genetically Modified Apple (Arctic Apple)
Genetically Modified Apple (Arctic Apple)
Apple
Legal Approvals
petitioned for regulatory approval for two apple
varieties in Canada from the Canadian Food
Inspection Agency (CFIA) and Health Canada
US from the Animal and Plant Health
Inspection Service (APHIS), part of the United
States Department of Agriculture (USDA).
In 2012, a field test application was approved to
conduct a 20-acre study of the apple in the state
of Washington.
The apples were approved by the USDA in
February 2015
and by the FDA in March 2015
becoming the first genetically modified apple
approved for US sale
Primary browning
.Phenolic compounds reacts with oxygen
.By Polyphenol oxidase (PPO)
. (PPO) interact with phenols
.End product is melanin
PPO Silencing
CSIRO in Australia mapped genes
associated with PPO
Grape sport, Bruces Sport that didnt
go brown
Developed the concept to address
browning in potato
OSF silenced the gene in potato in
1997, expanded the tech in apples
Apple-to-apple transformation
silenced apples PPO genes using genes
isolated from apples.
Arcticapples produce less than 10
percent of the PPO
GEN-03 is inserted into the parent
cultivars DNA.
A promoter (CaMV) and terminator
(nophaline synthase A. tumefaciens)
gene sequence start and end of the
transformation process.
precise, targeted gene modification that
silences the PPO enzyme but does not
change any other aspect of the cultivar.