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Solid Figures
Solid Figures
Solid Figures
Facilitated by:
Debbie E. Bandahala
Meaning of Solid Geometry
• Solid geometry is concerned with
three-dimensional shapes.
• Examples of three-dimensional
shapes are
1.cubes, 2.rectangular solids
3. prisms, 4. cylinders,
5. spheres, 6. cones and
7. pyramids
Solid Figures
Cube Sphere
Prism Pyramid
Cylinder
Pyramid
L W
It is a cube which
1cm
1cm
measures 1cm in all
1cm directions.
V = 64 cm3
What is the VOLUME of
these RECTANGULAR
SOLIDS?
625cm3
80in3
512cm3 8cm
72cm 3
8cm
8cm
Volume of Parallelopiped/rectangular solid
b
b
a
Height of cube = c
Volume of cube = Area of base x height
= (a x b) x c
Volumes Of rectangular solid
Look at the cuboid below:
4cm
3cm
10cm
We must first calculate the area of the base of the
paralellepiped The base is a rectangle measuring 10cm by 3cm:
10cm
3cm
10cm
3cm
4cm
3cm
10cm
4cm
3cm
10cm
We have now got to find how many layers of 1cm cubes we can
place in the rectangular solid.
Volume = 30 x 4
Volume = 120cm3
3cm
10cm
5 cm 3.4cm
14cm 3.4cm
490cm3
39.3cm3
(3) 3.2m
2.7m 76.9 m3
8.9 m
Pyramid
• A pyramid is a solid with a polygon
base and connected by triangular faces
to its vertex.
• A pyramid is a regular pyramid if its
base is a regular polygon and the
triangular faces are all congruent
isosceles triangles.
Figure Illustrations
Formula in Square-Based
finding the Pyramid
volume
Rectangular – Formula in
based Pyramid finding the
volume
Formula in
finding the
volume
How do you solve the volume of a pyramid?
• Triangular Pyramid:
– Identify the length and width of the base. Write the
measurements down.
– Calculate the area of the base. Multiply the length by
the width, then multiply by one half (or divide by 2).
This is the area. Write the answer down.
– Multiply the area of the base by the height of the
pyramid.
– Multiply your answer by one third, or divide by 3.
This will give you the volume
Square Pyramid:
Identify the length and width of the base.
Write your measurements down.
Calculate the area of the base. This is done by
multiplying the width by the height. Write the
answer down.
Multiply the area of the base by the height.
Write this answer down, too.
Multiply the previous answer by one third,
or divide by 3. This will give you the final
answer.
Formula
Triangula
r Pyramid
Volume of a Pyramid
• The volume, V, of a pyramid in cubic units is given by
Given:
Area of Triangle
= ½ bh
b = 19
h= 17
H = 23
Solution
Example No. 3
• Find the volume of a rectangular-based
pyramid whose base is 8 cm by 6 cm and
height is 5 cm.
Given:
h = 5cm
w = 6cm
l= 8cm
Solution
The Volume Of A Cylinder.
Consider the cylinder below:
It has a height of 6cm .
What is the size of the radius ?
2cm
6cm Volume = cross section x height
What shape is the cross section?
Circle
Calculate the area of the circle:
A= ∏r2
4cm A = 3.14 x 2 x 2
The formula for the A = 12.56 cm2
volume of a cylinder is: Calculate the volume:
V = ∏ r 2x h
V = ∏ r 2h V = 12.56 x 6
V = 75.36 cm3
r = radius h = height.
Outer Curved Surface area of cylinder Click to
animate
Activity -:
Keep bangles
r
r h of same radius
one over
another. It
Circumference Formation of will form a
of circle = 2 π r Cylinder by cylinder.
bangles
It is the area covered by the outer surface of a
cylinder.
Circumference of circle = 2 π r
Area covered by cylinder = Surface area of of cylinder = (2
Total Surface area of a solid cylinder
Curved
circular surface
surfaces
=(2 π r) x( h) + 2 π r2
= 2 π r( h+ r)
Other method of Finding Surface area of cylinder with the
help of paper
r
2πr
Surface area of cylinder = Area of rectangle= 2 πrh
Volume of cylinder
(1) (2)
14cm
4m
5m
2813.4cm3 16cm
3m
(3) 30m3
8m
12cm 288cm3
6cm
Volume Of A Cone.
Consider the cylinder and cone shown below:
D D The diameter (D) of the
top of the cone and the
cylinder are equal.
H H
The height (H) of the
cone and the cylinder are
equal.
If you filled the cone with water and emptied it into the cylinder,
how many times would you have to fill the cone to completely fill
the cylinder to the top ?
3 times. This shows that the cylinder has three times the
volume of a cone with the same height and radius.
ight
t he
Slan
l=
Cone
r
h
Bas
e
Volume of a Cone Click to See
the
experiment
Volume = 3V Volume
=V
Mr. Mohan has only a little jar of juice he wants to
distribute it to his three friends. This time he
choose the cone shaped glass so that quantity of
juice seem to appreciable.
Surface area of cone
2π
l r
We have seen that the volume of a cylinder is three times more than
that of a cone with the same diameter and height .
The formula for the volume of a cone is:
r
1
V= π r 2h
3
h
r = radius h = height
Calculate the volume of the cones below:
9m 13m
1 1
V = π r 2h V= π r 2h
3 3
1 1
V = × 3.14 × 6 × 6 × 9 V= × 3.14 × 9 × 9 × 13
3 3
V = 339.12m 3 V = 1102.14m 3
Comparison of Area and volume of different geometrical
figures
r
r
r/√
r r 2
l=2
r
Surface 6r2 2π r2 2π r2 2 π r2
area
=
2 π r2
(about)
Click the
r r
V= π r2 (3r)
3r
V= 3 π r3
LongbutHeavyinweight
Coned
shape
Cylindrical
shape
Sphere: A figure
with a curved
surface in which all
points on the Radius
surface are equal C
OR =
+
Volume of a Sphere
Using relational solids and pouring material
we noted that the volume of a cone is the
same as the volume of a hemisphere (with
corresponding dimensions)
Using “math language” Volume (cone) = ½
Volume (sphere)
Therefore: 2(Volume (cone)) = Volume (sphere)
OR =
+
Volume of a Sphere
Volum ecylinder
Volum econe =
3
OR = ÷3
Volume of a Sphere
AND we know the formula for the volume of a cylinder
BASE Height
Volume of a Sphere
SUMMARIZING:
Volume (cylinder) = (Area Base) (height)
Volume (cone) = Volume (cylinder) /3
= ÷3
2X =
Volume of a Sphere
2(Volume (cone)) = Volume (sphere)
2X =
2( Area of Base) (height) /3= Volume (sphere)
2( π r)(h)/3=
2 Volume (sphere)
r
BUT h = 2r h
r
2(π r )(2r)/3 = Volume(sphere)
2
3
4π r
Volumesphere =
3
4 π r 3 4 π r 3
3 3
If we make a cone having radius and height equal to the
radius of sphere. Then a water filled cone can fill the
sphere in 4 times.
r
r
r
V=1/3 πr2h
V1
If h = r
then
V=1/3 πr3 V1 = 4V = 4(1/3
πr3)
= 4/3 πr3
Volume of a Sphere Click to See
the
experiment
h=
r r
Here the vertical height
and radius of cone are
same as radius of sphere.
r 4( volume of cone) = volume of Sphere
4( 1/3πr2h ) = 4( 1/3πr3 ) = V
V = 4/3 π r3
Summary Of Volume Formula.
r
h
b
l
V=lbh
V=∏r2 r
h
h
h
l 1
V= π r 2h
b V=½bhl 3
You can NOT use L x W x H
to find the VOLUME of an
IRREGULAR SOLID!!!
An IRREGULAR SOLID is any
NOT box-
solid that is
shaped
Can you think of some IRREGULAR SOLIDS?