HAZARD ASSESSMENT

USING FUZZY PREFERENCE

RELATIONAL APPROACH

Guided by,
Mr.Linjesh Sabastian

Presented by,
Ashi Sudhakar P.K
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INTRODUCTION

Ahazardis a situation that poses a level of threat tolife,

health,property,orenvironment.

Theconstructionindustryfaceslotofhazardsituations.

Hazard identification is fundamental to construction safety

management

Ahazard assessmentis an evaluation of a work

place, or work situation, as to the potential
forhazardsthat an employee may encounter while
performingthejob.

Themainlyusedmethodsare

Preliminaryhazardanalysis(PHA),
Failuremode&effectanalysis,
Hazard&operabilityreview(HAZOP),
Faulttreeanalysis(FTA)and
Possibilityapproach(fuzzysettheory).
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Objectives:
Tounderstandthepossiblehazardsthatlikelyto

occurinaconstructionindustry
Hazardassessmentusingconsistentfuzzypreference

relationalapproach

TYPES OF INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS

1.
2.
3.
4.

FireandExplosionHazards
ChemicalHazards
ElectricalHazards
MechanicalHazards

FIRE HAZARDS
SOURCE OF FIRE HAZARDS
Combustibleandflammableliquid
Heatutilizationsequipments
Chemicalprocessequipment
Lighting
Ovenandfurnaces
Dehydratoranddryers
Reactors
Weldingandcutting

CHEMICAL HAZARDS
Class A:
compressedgas,dissolvedgasorliquefiedgas
Class B
flammablegases,flammableandcombustibleliquids,
flammablesolids,flammableaerosols,reactiveflammable
material
Class C
Oxidizingmaterials-oxidizer&organicperoxide
Oxidizer:chlorates,nitricacid,peroxides,permanganates,
nitrites,nitrates,easilyoxidizemetalpowder
Organicperoxide:tetrahydrofuran,diethylether,dioxane,
methylisobutylether
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Class D:
poisonous&infectiousmaterialse.g.,cyanides,tea
salts,asbestos
Class E:
corrosivematerialse.g.,inorganicacidsandbases,
hydrogenfluoride
Class F:
Dangerousreactivematerialse.g:ethylenedioxide,
organicazides,Na,Li,Ca
Pyrophosphoricmaterialse.g:whitephosphorus,
diethylaluminiumchloride,lithium
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ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
CAUSES
Contactingoverheadpowerlines;
Faultyinsulation
Impropergrounding
Looseconnections
Defectivepartsinequipment
Unguardedliveparts
Intentionaluseofobviouslydefectiveandunsafetools
Useoftoolsorequipmenttooclosetoenergizedparts

MECHANICAL HAZARDS
Insecurelyfixedmachines
FailureofStandardOperatingProcedure(SOP)
DangerousParts
Negligence
Impropermaintenanceofequipment.

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HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

Ifhazardsareidentifiedchanceofoccurrenceof
accidentcanbeminimized

Safetyprogrammes&recordscanbeimproved

Hazardidentificationanalysishelpsto:
Detectproblems
Understandtherelationshipbetweenthesystemandthe
probleminordertoeliminatetheproblem&itspotential
consequences
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METHODS OF HAZARD
IDENTIFICATION
1) Preliminary hazard analysis (PHA)

Itservesasaguideformorein-depthanalysisas
moreinformationbecomesavailable

Focusesonwhatisalreadyknownaboutthe
product,processorchangetobemade

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Consistof:
Identifyingallpotentialhazardsandaccidental
eventsthatmayleadtoanaccident
Ranktheidentifiedaccidentaleventsaccordingto
theirseverity
Identifyrequiredhazardcontrolsandfollow-up
actions

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PHA shall consider:

Hazardouscomponents

Environmentalconstraintsincludingoperatingenvironments

Operating, test, maintenance, built-in-tests, diagnostics, and

emergencyprocedures

Facilities, real property installed equipment, support

equipment,andtraining

Safetyrelatedequipment,safeguards,andpossiblealternate
approaches
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2) Failure mode & effect analysis

Step-by-stepapproachforidentifyingallpossible
failuresinadesign.
Amanufacturingorassemblyprocess,oraproduct
orservice
Systemisbrokendownintoallitscomponents
Acriticalityratingforeachfailuremode
dependingondegreeofhazardposedbyfailure
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3) Hazard & operability review (HAZOP)

HAZOP identifies potential hazards , failures and
operabilityproblems.

It is most effective as a team effort consists of plant

and prices designers, operating personnel, control and
instrumentationengineeretc.

Itencouragescreativityindesignconceptevaluation.

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Its use results in fewer commissioning and operational

problems

The better informed personnel, thus confirming overall

costeffectivenessimprovement

HAZOP uses brainstorming techniques encouraging

involvement&innovation&generatesideasforsolution

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HAZOP technique is now used by most major

companieshandling

The processing hazardous material, especially those

where engineering practice involves elevated
operatingparameters:
oilandgasproduction
flammableandtoxicchemicals
pharmaceuticalsetc

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4) Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)

FTAisadeductivereasoninganalysisapproachfor
resolvinganundesiredeventintoitscauses
Proceeds in a logical manner to examine events
whichprecedeoccurrenceoftopevent
Logic diagrams and Boolean Algebra are used to
identifythecauseofthetopevent

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 Alogic diagram called Fault tree is constructed to

showtheeventrelationship
Probabilityofoccurrencevaluesareassignedtothe
lowest events in the tree in order to obtain the
probabilityofoccurrenceofthetopevent

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FTA is carried out to:

Identifythecauseofafailure
Monitorandcontrolsafetyperformanceofacomplex
system
Toidentifytheeffectsofhumanerrors
Minimizeandoptimizeresources

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Faulttreeisthelogicalmodeloftherelationshipof
theundesiredeventtomorebasicevents

ThetopeventoftheFaulttreeistheundesiredevent

Themiddleeventsareintermediateeventsandthe
basiceventsareatthebottom.

Thelogicrelationshipofeventsareshownbylogic
symbolsorgates.

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5. Possibility approach(Fuzzy set theory)

Definition of fuzzy logic
Fuzzy logicis a form ofmany-valuedlogicin which
thetruthvaluesofvariablesmaybeanyrealnumber
between0and1,consideredtobe"fuzzy.
Fuzzy logic has been employed to handle the concept
of partial truth, where the truth value may range
betweencompletelytrueandcompletelyfalse.

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Fuzzy logic applications

Powersystemstabilitycontrollers
Temperaturecontroller
Antilockbreaksystem
Hybridmodelling
Fuzzycontrolledwashingmachine
Airconditionmachine
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CONSISTENT FUZZY PREFERENCE RELATIONS APPROACH

Constructiontechnologyisbecomingmoreandmore
complicated.

Averyconvenientandmeaningfultool

Fuzzysettheoryisasupersetoftheclassicalbinaryor
Booleanconventionallogic.

Setoperationsarelogicalmathematicalformulations
thatguidetheinteractionbetweenelementsofaset.
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1.Hazard Assessment Using Consistent

Fuzzy Preference Relations Approach

Hazard identification and its assessment are the most

importanttasksofsafetymanagement.

10hazardoustradesandtheir39attributestoassessthe
projecthazardlevel.

Mostoftheexistingstudiesassessthehazardsusingthe
probabilityapproach.

Fuzzysettheoryisusedtodeterminetheriskimpactof
attributes

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The risk impact of an attribute shows how a change

in the attribute affects safe working conditions and
therisksinvolved.

Ahighervalueimplieshigherriskimpact

The greater likelihood of adversely affecting safety

performance

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Traditionalassessmentmethodswerepurelysubjectivein
natureanddependedonhistoricaldata.

Reducesthenumberofpairwisecomparisonstobemade
among alternatives and always ensures consistency in
computing.

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2.A case study on fuzzy logic-based risk assessment in

oil and gas industry

Risk assessment is a process of categorizing and

measurement of risk related outcomes from a specific
incidentandinaparticularscenario.

Risk itself is considered as the combination of likelihood

andseverityoftheconsequencesofhazards.

Studyofammoniahazard

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Fuzzyriskassessmentmodelwithsamplesoffour
categories

People,environment,assetandreputation

A fuzzy logic-base risk assessment model using a

quantitativeapproach

Membershipfunctionsandrangeshavebeenassigned
for likelihood, severity of consequences and for total
risklevels.

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Theprocessesisfuzzification,inferenceengineand
defuzzification.

In inference process the truth-value for the foundation

ofeachruleiscomputed.

defuzzification the values are estimated for weighting

andaveragingfromthedependentvariables.

Risklevelscoremorepreciselyandaccurately

Reducetheriskrankingties
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CONCLUSIONS

Theconstructionindustryfaceslotofhazardsituations

Manymethodsavailableforhazardidentification.

The fuzzy logics are used to modelling the complex

problem

Comparingwithothermethodsfuzzyissimple,speedy,
andmoreconsistentincomputingthehazardindexofa
project.
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REFERENCES
[1]. HOU Zhi-qiang, ZENG Ya-mei, ,Research on Risk
Assessment Technology of the Major Hazard in Harbour
Engineering,ProcediaEngineering137(2016)843848

[2].Pinto,A.,Ribeiro,R.A.,andNunes,I.L.(2012).Fuzzy
approachforreducingsubjectivityinestimatingoccupational
accidentseverity.Accid.Anal.Prev.,45(Mar),281290.

[3]. Liu, H. T., and Tsai, Y. L. (2012). A fuzzy risk

assessment approach for occupational hazards in the
constructionindustry.Saf.Sci.,50(4),10671078.
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[4] Zhou,Z.,Goh,Y.M.,andLi,Q.(2015).Overview
and analysis of safety management studies in the
constructionindustry.Saf.Sci.,72(Feb),337350.
[5] Kuo, Y. C., and Lu, S. T. (2013). Using fuzzy
multiple criteria decision making approach to
enhance risk assessment for metropolitan
constructionprojects.Int.J.ProjectManage.,31(4),
602614.

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