Cell Cycle

Daniella Garca G.
Eighth Grade

Cell Division
Cells reproduce by cell division.
(sexual and asexual)
A parent cell will produce two
daughter cells
Cell division is necessary for growth
and development

Prokaryotes

Prokaryotic Cell Cycle

cell division
by prokaryotic
fission

cell growth and

DNA replication

Prokaryotic Cell Cycle

attachment site of chromosome

cell
wall
plasma
membrane

chromosome

The prokaryotic chromosome, a circular DNA

double helix, is attached to the plasma membrane
at one point.

Binary Fission
The DNA replicates and the resulting two
chromosomes attach to the plasma membrane at
nearby points.

New plasma membrane is added between

the attachment points, pushing the two
chromosomes farther apart.

cell division
by prokaryotic
fission

cell growth and

DNA replication

The prokaryotic cell cycle

The plasma membrane grows inward at the

middle of the cell.

The parent cell divides into two daughter cells.

Prokaryotic fission

Eukaryotes

 In eukaryotic organisms cells can divide

and differentiate
Cells can be divided into:
Stem cells (1. self-renewal and 2. the ability
to differentiate into a variety of cell types)
Other cells capable of dividing (Each type of
cell typically differentiates into only one or
two types of cells)
Permanently differentiated cells (never
divide again)

gene loci

centromere
telomeres

A eukaryotic chromosome (one DNA double helix)

before DNA replication
sister
chromatids
centromere

duplicated
chromosome
(two DNA double
helices)

A eukaryotic chromosome after DNA replication

independent daughter
chromosomes, each
with one identical
DNA double helix

Separated sister chromatids become independent

chromosomes

Chromosomes
When an entire set of stained chromosomes
from a single cell is examined (its karyotype),
we see that most cells contain pairs of
chromosomes
Both members of each pair are the same length
and shape, and have the same staining pattern
These similarities occur because each
chromosome in a pair carries the same genes
arranged in the same order
Cells with pairs of homologous chromosomes
are called diploid, which means double
Cells in the ovaries and testes undergo meiotic
cell division and produce gametes (eggs and

one duplicated
chromosome

sister
chromatids

a pair of
homologous
chromosomes

sex chromosomes

telopha
se and
cytokinesis

as

ph

as
anaph

ta
me

h
op
pr

as
e

G1: cell growth and

differentiation

G2: cell
growth
and
preparation
for cell
division
S: synthesis
of DNA;
duplication of
chromosomes

 During G1:
The cell grows in size
It specializes or differentiates
Cell performs specialized functions
Cell decides if it has to divide

The cell cycle is carefully controlled

throughout the life of an organism
Without enough cell divisions at the right
time and in the right organs, development
falters or body parts fail to replace wornout or damaged cells
With too many cell divisions, cancers may
form