GROUP 9

PBL 1 : ACIDIC SOIL

Ilham Hadi Ismoyo
M Dwiva Elnando
Jonathan Jofianus
Joshua Franklin
M Alshadiq

PROBLEM STATEMENT
Growing plant is not always easy. There are a lot of things that
need to be considered to grow a plant in a soil. The soil needs to
be at precise pH for plant to grow. If the pH of the soil is lower
than 6.5, then the soil is too acidic for the plant to grow. If the pH
of the soil is above 7, then the soil is alkaline. The precise pH of
soil to grow a plant is between 6.5 and 7. If the pH too low or too
high, we can increase or decreasing the pH with various way to
be precise between 6.5 and 7.

ASSIGNMENT 1

1. Acidic soil is a soil with a top soil pH below 5.5 and the subsurface pH under 4.8, soil
high in concentration of hydrogen, ions. Acidic soil is caused by use of fertilizers and
over exporting plants. When soil is acidic, plans will have difficulty growing on them

2. Metals and ionic compounds are originally part of the earth. Some of them lie deeper
beneath the surface while the rest are underground closer to the surface. As part of the
earth it is only natural that is exist in soil which is the earths outer most layer

3. CaO
CaCO3

= calcination of limestone CaCO 3 + heat CaO + CO2

= carbonation of hydrate lime CaCO 3 + heat CaO + O2

CaO+H2OCa(OH)2+CO2 CaCO3+H2O
MgCO3 =carbonation of magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH) 2+2CO2 Mg(HCO3)2
and next vacuum drying Mg(HCO 3)2 MgCO3 +CO2+H2O

4. The balanced equations of CaO react with water:

CaO + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + H2O
The chemical equation for reaction of CaCO 3 to produce calcium carbonate:
CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O Ca(HCO3)2

5. CaO + H 2O Ca(OH)2 + H2O

112 gr
Amount of CaO: mass/Mr = 112/(40+16) = 2 mol
thus, the amount of Ca(OH) 2 is 2 mol
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3 + H2O
Amount of Ca(OH)2 is 2 mol. Thus, the amount of CaCO 3 is 2 mol too
CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O Ca(HCO3)2
Amount of CaCO3 is 2 mol. Thus, the amount of Ca(HCO 3)2 is 2 mol too.
The mass of Ca(HCO 3)2 is : mol x Mr = 2 x 162 = 324 gr
The concentration of Ca(HCO 3)2 is 2 M

ASSIGNMENT 2

6. All elements are arranged in periodic table based on their atomic numbers. Atomic number is increasing
from left to right. Also elements are arranged based on their autonomic radius. Atomic radius decrease them
from the left to right across a period and increase down a group. Elements are also arranged based on its
ionization energy. Ionization energy increase across a period and decrease down a group in addition,
elements are arranged based on their electronegativity. Electronegativity tends to their decrease down a
group and increase across each period

7. Ionization energy trends

Left to right, the size of atoms decreases due to the increase in effective nuclear charge
Within each period, 1, generally increases with increasing atomic number. The alkali metals show
lowest ionization energy in each periods and the noble gases the highest
Within each group, the ionization energy decreases with increasing atomic number e.g
He>Na>Ar>Kr>Xe. The ionization energies of the noble gases follow the order above
Electron affinity Trends
The e affinities of the group 6A and 7A elements are much greater than those of either elements
The e affinities of the noble gases are only slightly negative. Therefore, the anions of these gases
be unstable
The groups IA metals have small (+) e affinities. The group II A metals have very small (-) valves
some (-) e negatives
The e affinities of metals are generally lower than those of non-metals

the

would
and

8. E standard reduction potential

if E is +, then the element has the tendency to reduce
if E is -, then the element has the tendency to oxidize
to predict the feasibility of possible redox reaction we can try to set the equilibrium or
by tawing a look at the voltaic series whether the element is oxidizing or reducing
agent

9. The application of redox in daily life:

Electro plating
Prevention of rusting
Batteries

ASSIGNMENT 3

40mol

40mol

3CO2 + 4H2O

10. C3H8 + 5O2

24 mol 32mol

24 mol 32mol

11. 3Fe + 4H 2O 4H2 + Fe3O4

10 gr
Amount of Fe : 10/56 = 0.18
Thus, the amount of H 2 : 4/3 x 0.18 = 0.24 mol

12. Fe203 + 6HCL 2FeCl3 + 3H 20

100 gr
Amount of Fe203 : 100/160 = 0.625 mol
Thus, the amount of HCl : 6 x 0.625 = 3.75 mol
The mass of HCl : 3.75 x (1+35.5) = 136.875 gr
13. A) Mn 2+ + 4H2O MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e
Cl2 + 2e

E0 = -1.51 V

2Cl - E0 = +1.36 V

E0 = -0.15 V
This reaction cant occur spontaneously because the resulting E 0 cell is -0.15 V. it requires electricity to go
on instead of producing it. Therefore, chlorine cannot oxidize manganese (II) ions to manganese (VII)
ions
B) 4H + + NO3- + 3e NO(g) + 2H 2O (l)
Cu2+ + 2e

E0 = +0.34 V

Cu(s) E0 = +0.96 V

This reaction cannot occur both half reactions have E 0 (+). Which means, both half reactions have the
tendency to reduce (gain e -)