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Biology Chapter 5 - Osmosis and Enzymes
Biology Chapter 5 - Osmosis and Enzymes
Phospholipid
bilayer
Hydrophobic regions
of protein
Hydrophilic
regions of protein
Animation: Diffusion
Animation: Membrane Selectivity
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Molecules of dye
Membrane
Equilibrium
Two different
substances
Membrane
Equilibrium
Lower
concentration
of solute
Solute
molecule
Higher
concentration
of solute
Equal
concentration
of solute
H2O
Selectively
permeable
membrane
Water
molecule
Isotonic solution
Hypotonic solution
Hypertonic solution
(A) Normal
(B) Lysed
(C) Shriveled
Animal
cell
Plasma
membrane
Plant
cell
(D) Flaccid
(E) Turgid
(F) Shriveled
(plasmolyzed)
Solute
molecule
Transport
protein
Transport
protein
Solute
1 Solute binding
Transport
protein
Solute
1 Solute binding
2 Phosphorylation
Transport
protein
Protein
changes shape
Solute
1 Solute binding
2 Phosphorylation
3 Transport
Transport
protein
Protein
changes shape
Solute
1 Solute binding
2 Phosphorylation
3 Transport
Phosphate
detaches
4 Protein reversion
Phagocytosis
EXTRACELLULAR
FLUID
CYTOPLASM
Pseudopodium
Food or
other particle
Food
vacuole
Food
being
ingested
Pinocytosis
Plasma
membrane
Vesicle
Plasma membrane
Plasma membrane
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Receptor
Coat protein
Coated
vesicle
Coated
pit
Specific
molecule
Coated
pit
Material bound
to receptor proteins
Energy
Reaction
without
enzyme
EA without
enzyme
EA with
enzyme
Reactants
Net
change
in energy
(the same)
Reaction with
enzyme
Products
Progress of the reaction
1 Enzyme available
with empty active
site
Active site
Enzyme
(sucrase)
1 Enzyme available
with empty active
site
Active site
Enzyme
(sucrase)
Substrate
(sucrose)
2 Substrate binds
to enzyme with
induced fit
1 Enzyme available
with empty active
site
Active site
Substrate
(sucrose)
2 Substrate binds
to enzyme with
induced fit
Enzyme
(sucrase)
3 Substrate is
converted to
products
1 Enzyme available
with empty active
site
Active site
Glucose
Substrate
(sucrose)
2 Substrate binds
to enzyme with
induced fit
Enzyme
(sucrase)
Fructose
4 Products are
released
3 Substrate is
converted to
products
Substrate
Active site
Enzyme
Noncompetitive
inhibitor
Enzyme inhibition
Diffusion
Requires no energy
Requires energy
Passive transport
Active transport
Facilitated
diffusion
Osmosis
Higher water
concentration
Higher solute
concentration
Solute
Water
Lower solute
concentration
Lower water
concentration
Lower solute
concentration