Professional Documents
Culture Documents
4 Flow Measurements
4 Flow Measurements
u12 p1 u 22 p 2
5.1
Pitot tube
The Pitot tube (named after Henri Pitot in 1732) measures a
fluid velocity by converting the kinetic energy of the flow
into potential energy. The conversion takes place at the
stagnation point, located at the Pitot tube entrance (see
the schematic below). The device is based on Bernoulli
principle and is used in finding the velocity of a moving craft
such as a boat and airplane.
3. Venturi meter
A venturi meter is a tube with a constricted throat that
increases velocity and decreases pressure. They are used for
measuring the flowrate of compressible and incompressible
fluids in pipeline
Contracting
section
Expanding
section
Pipe
Pipe
Throat
V1
D1
High-pressure tap
p1
D2
V2
D1
Low-pressure tap
p2
10
11
Problem:
Water is flowing in a schedule 40 pipe having nominal D1 = 4 inch with a flowrate of 325
gal/min at 60F. The pressure differential in the manometer connected to the two taps of
the venturi meter is 50 inch Hg. Calculate (a) throat diameter D2 of the venturi meter to
the nearest 1/8 inch and (b) power consumed by the venturi meter (assume 10%
pressure loss).
12
13
14
4. Rota Meter
Annular
area a
p2
Scale
z2
Tapered
tube
Float
Flow
Mg
z1
p1
16
17
18
2 Mg 1
Q A u1 A
2
A
A 1
a
19