Photograph

ETYMOLOGY
Photography comes from the Greek phos
which means light, graphis meaning
stylus, paintbrush or graph a
representation by means of lines or simply
drawing, together "drawing with light."
Traditionally, the products of photography
have been called negatives and
photographs, commonly shortened to
photos.

DEFINITION
It is the art or process of producing images
through the use of a light sensitive
chemical or film.
A photography is an actual likeness, that
production of which may not actually
involve artists creativity. One only has to
press a button on a camera to produce this
actual likeness.

HISTORY
5th century B.C.E. - Chinese philosopher
Mo Ti described a pinhole camera
1820s Photography became a usable
process with the development of chemical
photography
1837 Louis Daguerre continued Nipces
work, eventually culminating with the
development of the daguerreotype

HISTORY
1840s - Talbot had invented the calotype
process, which creates negative images
John Herschel made many contributions to
the new methods and invented cyanotype
process (now familiar as the blueprint)
1850s - Frederick Scott Archer published
his findings in "The Chemist" on the wet
plate collodion process

HISTORY
1884 - George Eastman developed the
technology of film to replace photographic
plates, leading to the technology used by
film cameras today
1908 - Gabriel Lippmann won the Nobel
Laureate in Physics for his method known
as the Lippmann plate.

CAMERA
A camera is an optical instrument that
records images that can be stored directly,
transmitted to another location, or both.
The term camera comes from the word
camera obscura (Latin for "dark
chamber"), an early mechanism for
projecting images.

History of Camera
Photographic Cameras were a development
of the camera obscura, a device dating back
to the ancient Chinese and ancient Greeks,
which uses a pinhole or lens to project an
image of the scene outside upside-down
onto a viewing surface

History of Camera

1500 - The first

pinhole Camera (also
called the Camera
Obscura) was
invented by Alhazen
(Ibn Al-Haytham).

History of Camera
1893 - The first partially successful
photograph of a camera image was made in
approximately 1816 by Nicphore Nipce,
using a very small camera of his own
making and a piece of paper
coated with silver chloride,
which darkened where it
was exposed to light.

History of Camera
The first photographic camera developed for
commercial manufacture was a
daguerreotype camera, built by Alphonse
Giroux in 1839. Giroux signed a contract
with Daguerre and Isidore Nipce to produce
the cameras in France, with each device and
accessories costing 400 francs. The early
daguerreotype cameras required long
exposure times, which in 1839 could be from
5 to 30 minutes.

History of Camera
1855 - George Eastman patents Kodak rollfilm camera. Eastman was a pioneer in
photographic films usage. He also started
manufacturing paper films in 1885. His first
Kodak box camera was very simple and very
cheap.

History of Camera
1913/1914 - The first 35mm still camera
(also called candid camera ) developed by
Oskar Barnack of German Leica Camera.
Later it became the standard for all film
cameras.

History of Camera
1948 - Edwin Land invented the Polaroid
camera which could take a picture and print
it in about one minute.

History of Camera
2000 - In Japan Sharps J-SH04 introduced
the worlds first camera phone.

History of Camera
2005 - The Canon EOS 5D is launched. This
is first consumer-priced full-frame digital SLR
with a 24x36mm CMOS sensor.

TRIVIA
She gave birth to a son, Knox Lon, and a daughter, Vivienne
Marcheline, on July 12, 2008. The first pictures of Knox and Vivienne
were jointly sold to People and Hello! for a reported $14 millionthe
most expensive celebrity photographs ever taken. All proceeds were
donated to the Jolie-Pitt Foundation

TRIVIA
On May 27, 2006, she gave
birth to a daughter, Shiloh
Nouvel, in Swakopmund. They
sold the first pictures of Shiloh
through the distributor Getty
Images with the aim of
benefiting charity, rather than
allowing paparazzi to make
these valuable photographs.
People and Hello! purchased
the North American and British
rights to the images for $4.1
and $3.5 million respectively, a
record in celebrity
photojournalism at that time,
with all proceeds donated to
UNICEF.

TRIVIA

Lopez gave birth to a son,

Maximilian David and a
daughter, Emme Maribel, in
Long Island, New York on
February 22, 2008. The twins
were introduced in the March
11, 2008 issue of People, for
which the magazine paid a
reported $6 million the
photographs of the twins
became the most expensive
celebrity picture ever taken at
the time.

TRIVIA
Australian
photographer Peter
Lik, unexpectedly,
shattering world
records by earning a
cool $6.5 million for
"Phantom," a blackand-white shot
taken in Antelope
Canyon, Arizona.
Lik is no stranger to high-priced photography: His pictures
"Illusion" and "Eternal Moods" sold for $2.4 million and $1.1
million, respectively, in November 2014, and "One" earned
$1 million in 2010.

TRIVIA

The first photograph of a human being reported was taken in Paris, France, in 1838 by Louis
Daguerre. The exposure time for the image was around seven minutes, and although the
street would have been busy with traffic and pedestrian, it appears deserted. Everything
moving was too fast to register in tape.

TRIVIA
The first photograph reported was taken by Joseph Nicephore Niepce in 1826
which is title VIEW FROM WINDOW AT LE GRAS, at is family country home.The
first photograph reported was taken by Joseph Nicephore Niepce in 1826 which is
title VIEW FROM WINDOW AT LE GRAS, at is family country home.

TRIVIA
Stories about a monster in Loch
Ness have been around since 565,
but only when this picture was taken
and showed to the world in 1934,
Nessie began to be the object of
contradiction.
The interest for the creature ended
in 1994 when Christian Spurling,
admited it was a fake made by his
father, Marmaduke Wetherell. They
made a wooden monster, Ian took
the picture and they convinced
Robert Kenneth Wilson (the village
doctor), to tell the world he shot the
picture.

LOCH NESS MONSTER (1934)

TRIVIA

NAGAZAKI(1945) by Air FORCE It is

called the Mushroom cloud during
the bombing of the atomic bomb in
Nagazaki, Japan.

SELFIE
It is a self-portrait photograph, typically taken
with a hand-held digital camera or camera phone
The earliest usage of the word selfie has been
traced to 2002, when it first appeared in an
Australian internet forum (ABC Online) on 13
September in a comment written by Nathan
Hope: "Um, drunk at a mates 21st, I tripped over
and landed lip first (with front teeth coming a
very close second) on a set of steps. I had a hole
about 1 cm long right through my bottom lip. And
sorry about the focus, it was a selfie."

SELFIE
In November 2013, the word "selfie" was
announced as being the "word of the year" by the
Oxford English Dictionary, which gave the word
itself an Australian origin.
Instagram has over 53 million photos tagged with
the hashtag #selfie.
The word "selfie" was mentioned in Facebook
status updates over 368,000 times during a one
week period in October 2013.
During the same period on Twitter, the hashtag
#selfie was used in more than 150,000 tweets.

Most Popular Selfie

HAS MORE THAN 2 MILLION RETWEETS
DeGeneres said she wanted to honor Meryl
Streep's record 18 Oscar nominations by setting a
new record with her, and invited twelve other
Oscar celebrities to join them, which included
Meryl Streep, Julia Roberts, Channing Tatum,
Bradley Cooper, Kevin Spacey, Angelina Jolie,
Brad Pitt, Lupita Nyong'o, Jared Leto and Jennifer
Lawrence.

Most Popular Selfie

MODES OF PRODUCTION

Amateur
Commercial
Art
Science & forensics

AMATEUR
Practices photography as a HOBBY and NOT FOR
PROFIT.
Quality is comparable to many professionals and
may be highly specialized or eclectic in choice of
subjects.
Often pre-eminent in photographic subjects which
have little prospect for commercial use or reward.
Grew during the late 19th century due to the
popularization of hand-held camera.

COMMERCIAL
Photographer is paid for images rather than
works of art
Wholesale, retail, and professional uses of
photography would fall under this definition.

Advertising
Fashion/Glamour
Crime Scene
Still Life
Food
Editorial

Portrait/Wedding
Landscape

Advertising
Made to illustrate and usually sell a service or
product

Fashion or Glamour
Usually incorporates models and is a form of
advertising photography

Crime Scene
This type of photography consists of photographing
scenes of crime such as robberies and murders.

Still Life
It depicts inanimate subject matter, typically
commonplace objects which may be either natural
or man-made.

Food
It can be used for editorial, packaging or advertising
use. Food photography is similar to still life
photography, but requires some special skills.

Editorial
These are photographs made to illustrate a story or
idea within the context of a magazine.
Photojournalism can be considered a subset of
editorial photography.

Portrait or Wedding
Photographs made and sold directly to the end user
of the images.

Landscape
Photographs of different locations

Wildlife
It demonstrates life of the animals

Paparazzi
A form of photojournalism in which the
photographer captures candid images of athletes,
celebrities, politicians, and other prominent people.

Pet
It involves several aspects that are similar to studio
portraits

 The market for photographic services

demonstrates theaphorism:
"A picture is worth a thousand words",
which has an interesting basis in
thehistory of photography.

ART
During the 20th century, bothfine art
photographyanddocumentary
photographybecame accepted by theEnglishspeaking artworld and thegallerysystem.
In theUnited States, a handful of photographers,
includingAlfred Stieglitz,Edward Steichen,John
Szarkowski,F. Holland Dy, andEdward Weston,
spent their lives advocating for photography as a
fine art.
At first, fine art photographers tried to imitate
painting styles. This movement is
calledPictorialism, often usingsoft focusfor a
dreamy, 'romantic' look.

SCIENCE & FORENSICS

Such as astronomical events, small creatures and
plants when the camera was attached to the
eyepiece of microscopes (inphotomicroscopy) and
formacro photographyof larger specimens.
The camera also proved useful in recordingcrime
scenesand the scenes of accidents.

IMPLICATIONS
SOCIAL AND CULTURAL
Photography may be used both to capture
reality and to produce work of art.
Photo manipulation is often frowned upon
in first, then it might be used to great
extent in order to produce artistic effects.

Photography is one of the new media forms

that changes perception and changes the
structure of society.

END